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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Tuberculosis and silica exposure in South African gold miners.
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Tuberculosis and silica exposure in South African gold miners.

机译：南非黄金矿工的结核病和二氧化硅暴露。

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AIMS: To examine the effect of silica exposure, in the absence of silicosis, on the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), which is epidemic among South African gold miners. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 520 gold miners over 37 years of age. Length of service, and cumulative and average dust and quartz exposure indices were derived for each miner. Chest radiographs were read for PTB by two NIOSH "B" readers. PTB was defined as a self-reported history of PTB or PTB on chest radiograph. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age, smoking, and silicosis. PTB effects of different exposure metrics for silica, scaled on their interquartile range (IQR), were compared. RESULTS: Means (ranges) were: age 46.7 (37.1-59.9) years; length of service 21.8 (6.3-34.5) years; average intensity of respirable quartz 0.053 (0-0.095) mg/m3. PTB prevalence was 19.4% (95% CI 16.0 to 22.8) on history alone, and 35.2% (95% CI 31.1 to 39.3) on history or on chest radiograph. Length of service was poorly predictive of PTB, while all exposure indices which included dust or quartz yielded prevalence odds ratios (PORs) of approximately 1.4 (95% CI approximately 1.1 to 1.8) for changes of one interquartile range in exposure. Controlling for silicosis--by adjustment or restriction--did not modify these results. Drillers and winch operators had the highest PTB prevalences and the highest dust and silica exposures. CONCLUSION: Older in-service gold miners in South Africa have a high prevalence of PTB, which is significantly associated with dust and silica exposure, even in the absence of silicosis. Limitations include a survivor workforce and the use of cumulative exposures based on current exposures. Dust control is an important component in control of the PTB epidemic in South African gold mines.
机译：目的：研究在没有矽肺病的情况下暴露于二氧化硅对肺结核（PTB）患病率的影响，该病在南非金矿开采中很流行。方法：对520名37岁以上的金矿工进行横断面研究。得出每个矿工的工龄，累积和平均粉尘与石英接触指数。由两名NIOSH“ B”阅读器读取了胸片的PTB。 PTB被定义为在胸部X光片上自我报告的PTB或PTB病史。 Logistic回归用于调整年龄，吸烟和矽肺病。比较了按二氧化硅的四分位数间距（IQR）缩放的不同暴露量度指标对PTB的影响。结果：平均值（范围）为：年龄46.7（37.1-59.9）岁;服务年限21.8（6.3-34.5）年;可吸入石英的平均强度为0.053（0-0.095）mg / m3。单就病史而言，PTB患病率为19.4％（95％CI 16.0至22.8），而根据病史或胸部X光照片，PTB患病率为35.2％（95％CI 31.1至39.3）。服务时间不能很好地预测PTB，而所有暴露指数（包括粉尘或石英）对于一个四分位数间距的变化而言，其患病率比（POR）约为1.4（95％CI约为1.1至1.8）。通过调整或限制控制矽肺不会改变这些结果。钻机和绞车操作员的PTB患病率最高，粉尘和二氧化硅的接触率最高。结论：南非较老的在职金矿工的PTB患病率很高，即使没有矽肺病，这也与粉尘和二氧化硅的暴露显着相关。局限性包括幸存者的劳动力以及基于当前风险暴露的累积风险暴露的使用。防尘是控制南非金矿中PTB流行的重要组成部分。

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