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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Identifying public water facilities with low spatial variability of disinfection by-products for epidemiological investigations.
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Identifying public water facilities with low spatial variability of disinfection by-products for epidemiological investigations.

机译：确定用于流行病学调查的消毒副产品空间变异性低的公共供水设施。

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Epidemiological studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and reproductive outcomes have been hampered by misclassification of exposure. In most epidemiological studies conducted to date, all persons living within the boundaries of a water distribution system have been assigned a common exposure value based on facility-wide averages of trihalomethane (THM) concentrations. Since THMs do not develop uniformly throughout a distribution system, assignment of facility-wide averages may be inappropriate. One approach to mitigate this potential for misclassification is to select communities for epidemiological investigations that are served by distribution systems with consistently low spatial variability of THMs. METHODS AND RESULTS: A feasibility study was conducted to develop methods for community selection using the Information Collection Rule (ICR) database, assembled by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The ICR database contains quarterly DBP concentrations collected between 1997 and 1998 from the distribution systems of 198 public water facilities with minimum service populations of 100,000 persons. Facilities with low spatial variation of THMs were identified using two methods; 33 facilities were found with low spatial variability based on one or both methods. Because brominated THMs may be important predictors of risk for adverse reproductive outcomes, sites were categorised into three exposure profiles according to proportion of brominated THM species and average TTHM concentration. The correlation between THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in these facilities was evaluated to see whether selection by total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) corresponds to low spatial variability for HAAs. TTHMs were only moderately correlated with HAAs (r = 0.623). CONCLUSIONS: Results provide a simple method for a priori selection of sites with low spatial variability from state or national public water facility datasets as a means to reduce exposure misclassification in epidemiological studies of DBPs.
机译：背景和目的：消毒副产物（DBPs）和生殖结果的流行病学研究由于暴露分类错误而受到阻碍。迄今为止，在大多数流行病学研究中，根据全设施范围内三卤甲烷（THM）浓度的平均值，为生活在水分配系统范围内的所有人分配了一个公共暴露值。由于THM在整个分配系统中的发展并不统一，因此分配全厂范围的平均值可能是不合适的。减轻这种分类错误的可能性的一种方法是选择流行病学调查的社区，这些社区由THM的空间变异性始终较低的分配系统提供服务。方法和结果：进行了可行性研究，以开发由美国环境保护署组装的信息收集规则（ICR）数据库进行社区选择的方法。 ICR数据库包含1997年至1998年之间从198个公共供水设施的分配系统收集的DBP浓度季度数据，最低服务人口为100,000人。 THM的空间变化较小的设施可通过两种方法确定：根据一种或两种方法，发现33个设施的空间变异性较低。由于溴化THM可能是不良生殖结果风险的重要预测因子，因此根据溴化THM种类的比例和平均TTHM浓度，将部位分类为三种暴露状况。对这些设施中THM和卤代乙酸（HAAs）之间的相关性进行了评估，以查看总三卤甲烷（TTHM）的选择是否对应于HAA的低空间变异性。 TTHMs仅与HAA呈中等相关（r = 0.623）。结论：结果提供了一种简单的方法，可以从州或​​国家公共供水设施数据集中优先选择空间变异性低的地点，以此作为减少DBP流行病学研究中暴露错误分类的一种手段。

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