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Can psychosocial work conditions protect against age-related cognitive decline? Results from a systematic review

机译：社会心理工作条件可以预防与年龄有关的认知能力下降吗？系统审查的结果

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According to the use it or lose it hypothesis, intellectually stimulating activities postpone age-related cognitive decline. A previous systematic review concluded that a high level of mental work demands and job control protected against cognitive decline. However, it did not distinguish between outcomes that were measured as cognitive function at one point in time or as cognitive decline. Our study aimed to systematically review which psychosocial working conditions were prospectively associated with high levels of cognitive function and/or changes in cognitive function over time. Articles were identified by a systematic literature search (MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), PsycNET, Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)). We included only studies with longitudinal designs examining the impact of psychosocial work conditions on outcomes defined as cognitive function or changes in cognitive function. Two independent reviewers compared title-abstract screenings, full-text screenings and quality assessment ratings. Eleven studies were included in the final synthesis and showed that high levels of mental work demands, occupational complexity or job control at one point in time were prospectively associated with higher levels of cognitive function in midlife or late life. However, the evidence to clarify whether these psychosocial factors also affected cognitive decline was insufficient, conflicting or weak. It remains speculative whether job control, job demands or occupational complexity can protect against cognitive decline. Future studies using methodological advancements can reveal whether workers gain more cognitive reserve in midlife and late life than the available evidence currently suggests. The public health implications of a previous review should thereby be redefined accordingly.
机译：根据使用它或否定它的假设，智力刺激活动推迟了与年龄有关的认知能力下降。先前的系统评价得出的结论是，高水平的脑力劳动需求和工作控制可以防止认知能力下降。但是，它没有区分在某一时间点作为认知功能或认知能力下降而衡量的结果。我们的研究旨在系统地回顾哪些心理工作条件与高水平的认知功能和/或随着时间的推移认知功能的变化相关。通过系统的文献检索（MEDLINE，Web of Science（WOS），PsycNET，职业安全与卫生（OSH））来识别文章。我们仅纳入了具有纵向设计的研究，这些研究考察了社会心理工作条件对定义为认知功能或认知功能变化的结果的影响。两名独立审稿人比较了标题摘要筛查，全文筛查和质量评估等级。最终的综合报告中包含11项研究，这些研究表明，在某个时间点高水平的脑力劳动需求，职业复杂性或工作控制与中年或晚年中较高的认知功能水平相关。但是，澄清这些心理社会因素是否也影响认知能力下降的证据不足，矛盾或脆弱。工作控制，工作要求或职业复杂性是否可以防止认知能力下降尚有待商spec。未来利用方法学进步进行的研究可以揭示，工人在中年和晚年是否获得比现有证据更多的认知储备。因此，应相应地重新定义先前审查的公共卫生影响。

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