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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Mass concentration and elemental composition of PM10 in classrooms.
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Mass concentration and elemental composition of PM10 in classrooms.

机译：教室中PM10的质量浓度和元素组成。

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the sources of high concentrations of particles of < 10 microns diameter (PM10) in classrooms, observed in a previous study on childhood exposure to PM10, and to study the correlation between classroom and outdoor concentrations of mass and elements of PM10. METHODS: Measurements of PM10 were conducted in two schools and outdoors in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Averaging time was 24 hours for the outdoor measurements and both 8 hours (school time) and 24 hours for the classroom measurements. Analysis by x ray fluorescence was used to measure the elemental composition of 55 samples from the 11 days when measurements were conducted simultaneously in both classrooms and outdoors. RESULTS: For most elements, classroom concentrations were considerably higher than outdoor concentrations, especially during school hours. The highest classroom/outdoor ratios were found for the elements from soils Si, Ca, and Ti. The only measured elements that were not increased were S, Br, Pb, and Cl, which are dominated by non-crustal sources. For S, Br, and Pb, which are generally associated with particles < 1 micron, significant correlations between classroom and outdoor concentrations and between the two classrooms were found. The other elements generally had low correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the high PM10 concentrations found in our classrooms are probably due to resuspension of coarse particles or suspension of soil material. Due to these excess coarse particles, the correlation between classroom and outdoor concentrations is lower for elements associated with coarse particles than for elements associated with fine particles. As the general composition of PM10 in classrooms differs from the composition of PM10 in ambient air, the high PM10 mass concentrations in classrooms can probably not be directly compared with ambient air quality guidelines.
机译：目的：调查先前在儿童期暴露于PM10的研究中观察到的教室中直径小于10微米（PM10）的高浓度颗粒的来源，并研究教室和室外质量浓度和PM10元素之间的相关性。方法：PM10的测量是在荷兰阿姆斯特丹的两所学校和户外进行的。户外测量的平均时间为24小时，课堂测量的平均时间为8小时（上课时间）和24小时。当在教室和室外同时进行测量时，使用X射线荧光分析法测量了11天中55个样品的元素组成。结果：对于大多数元素，教室集中度明显高于室外集中度，尤其是在上课时间。发现来自土壤Si，Ca和Ti的元素的课堂/室外比率最高。仅有的没有增加的元素是S，Br，Pb和Cl，这些元素主要由非壳源组成。对于通常与<1微米粒子相关的S，Br和Pb，发现教室和室外浓度之间以及两个教室之间存在显着相关性。其他元素通常具有较低的相关性。结论：结果表明，在我们的教室中发现的高PM10浓度可能是由于粗颗粒的重新悬浮或土壤物质的悬浮。由于这些过量的粗颗粒，与粗颗粒相关的元素的教室和室外浓度之间的相关性比与细颗粒相关的元素的相关性低。由于教室中PM10的一般成分与环境空气中PM10的成分不同，因此教室中PM10的高浓度可能无法直接与环境空气质量指南进行比较。

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