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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Short-term associations between outdoor air pollution and mortality in London 1992-4.
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Short-term associations between outdoor air pollution and mortality in London 1992-4.

机译：1992-4年伦敦室外空气污染与死亡率之间的短期关联。

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OBJECTIVES: A previous study of the short term effects of air pollution in London from April 1987 to March 1992 found associations between all cause mortality and black smoke and ozone, but no clear evidence of specificity for cardiorespiratory deaths. London data from 1992 to 1994 were analysed to examine the consistency of results over time and to include particles with a mean aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns (PM10) and carbon monoxide. METHODS: Poisson regression was used of daily mortality counts grouped by age and diagnosis, adjusting for trend, seasonality, calendar effects, deaths from influenza, meteorology, and serial correlation. The pollutants examined were particles (PM10 and black smoke), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide with single and cumulative lags up to 3 days. RESULTS: No significant associations were found between any pollutant and all cause mortality, but, with the exception of ozone, all estimates were positive. Each pollutant apart from ozone was significantly associated with respiratory mortality; PM10 showed the largest effect (4% increase in deaths of all ages for a 10th-90th percentile increment). The pollutants significantly associated with cardiovascular deaths were nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and black smoke but there was no evidence of an association with PM10. In two pollutant models of respiratory deaths, the effect of black smoke, which in London indicates fine particles of diesel origin, was independent of that of PM10, but not vice versa. CONCLUSION: These results from a new data set confirm a previous report that there are associations between various air pollutants and daily mortality in London. This new study found greater specificity for associations with respiratory and cardiovascular deaths, and this increases the plausibility of a causal explanation. However, the effects of ozone found in the earlier study were not replicated. The fraction of PM10 which comprises black smoke accounted for much of the effect of PM10.
机译：目的：先前对1987年4月至1992年3月在伦敦发生的空气污染的短期影响的研究发现，所有原因的死亡与黑烟和臭氧之间存在关联，但没有明确证据表明心肺死亡的特异性。分析了1992年至1994年的伦敦数据，以检查结果随时间变化的一致性，并包括平均空气动力学直径为10微米（PM10）和一氧化碳的颗粒。方法：采用Poisson回归，将每日死亡率计数按年龄和诊断分组，并根据趋势，季节性，日历效应，流感死亡，气象学和序列相关性进行调整。所检查的污染物为颗粒（PM10和黑烟），二氧化氮，臭氧，二氧化硫和一氧化碳，单次累积滞后长达3天。结果：在任何污染物和所有致死因素之间均未发现显着关联，但除臭氧外，所有估计均为阳性。除臭氧外，每种污染物均与呼吸系统死亡率显着相关。 PM10表现出最大的效果（所有年龄段的死亡人数增加4％，百分位数增加10％至90％）。与心血管死亡显着相关的污染物是二氧化氮，臭氧和黑烟，但没有证据表明与PM10相关。在两种呼吸系统死亡的污染物模型中，黑烟的影响与伦敦PM10无关，而黑烟的影响与伦敦的PM10无关，但在伦敦，这表明是柴油微粒。结论：来自新数据集的这些结果证实了先前的报告，即伦敦的各种空气污染物与每日死亡率之间存在关联。这项新的研究发现与呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病死亡相关的特异性更高，这增加了因果关系解释的合理性。但是，早期研究中发现的臭氧影响没有得到重复。包含黑烟的PM10占了PM10的大部分影响。

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