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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Psychoactive substance use by truck drivers: A systematic review
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Psychoactive substance use by truck drivers: A systematic review

机译：卡车司机使用精神活性物质：系统回顾

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The aim of this study was to summarise the scientific evidence on the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and on the factors associated with their intake among truck drivers. A systematic review was performed in the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, and Cochrane and 36 cross-sectional studies were identi fied with quantitative results about the use of psychoactive substances by truck drivers. Out of these, 28 were carried out in countries with large land areas and 23 obtained their information through self-reporting. The most frequently studied substances were alcohol (n=25), amphetamines (n=17), marijuana (n=16) and cocaine (n=13). The prevalence of the use of these substances greatly varied: alcohol (0.1-91.0%); amphetamines (0.2-82.5%), marijuana (0.2-29.9%), cocaine (0.1-8.3%). The frequency of substance use was lower in studies that investigated the presence of these substances in biological samples than in those based on self-reported use. In 12 studies that evaluated factors associated with the intake of psychoactive substances, the following stood out: younger age, higher income, longer trips, alcohol consumption, driving in the night shift, travelling interstate routes, long or short sleep, fewer hours of rest, little experience of the driver, connection with small and medium sized companies, income below levels determined by labour agreements, productivity-based earnings and prior involvement in accidents. The frequency of psychoactive substance use by truck drivers seems to be high, although that greatly varies according to the type of substance and the method of collecting the information. The use of these substances was mainly associated with indicators of poor working conditions.
机译：这项研究的目的是总结有关精神活性物质使用的普遍性以及与卡车驾驶员中精神活性物质摄入相关的因素的科学证据。在PubMed，科学在线电子图书馆，拉丁美洲和加勒比海健康科学和Cochrane数据库中进行了系统的审查，并通过卡车驾驶员使用精神活性物质的定量结果，确定了36项横断面研究。其中，有28项是在土地面积大的国家进行的，有23项是通过自我报告获得的。研究最频繁的物质是酒精（n = 25），苯丙胺（n = 17），大麻（n = 16）和可卡因（n = 13）。这些物质的使用率差异很大：酒精（0.1-91.0％）;苯丙胺（0.2-82.5％），大麻（0.2-29.9％），可卡因（0.1-8.3％）。在调查生物样品中这些物质的存在的研究中，物质使用的频率低于基于自我报告的使用情况的物质。在12项评估与精神活性物质摄入有关的因素的研究中，以下几点出类拔萃：年龄较小，收入较高，旅行更长，饮酒，夜班开车，跨州旅行，长时间或短暂睡眠，休息时间更少，驾驶员经验不足，与中小型公司的联系，收入低于劳动协议确定的水平，基于生产率的收入以及先前发生的事故。卡车司机使用精神活性物质的频率似乎很高，尽管随物质的类型和收集信息的方法而有很大差异。这些物质的使用主要与工作条件差的指标有关。

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