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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Exposure to air pollution and respiratory symptoms during the first 7 years of life in an Italian birth cohort
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Exposure to air pollution and respiratory symptoms during the first 7 years of life in an Italian birth cohort

机译：在意大利出生队列中，生命的头7年暴露在空气污染和呼吸道症状中

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Background: Ambient air pollution has been consistently associated with exacerbation of respiratory diseases in schoolchildren, but the role of early exposure to traffic-related air pollution in the first occurrence of respiratory symptoms and asthma is not yet clear. Methods: We assessed the association between indexes of exposure to traf fic-related air pollution during different periods of life and respiratory outcomes in a birth cohort of 672 newborns (Rome, Italy). Direct interviews of the mother were conducted at birth and at 6, 15 months, 4 and 7 years. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution was assessed for each residential address during the follow-up period using a Land-Use Regression model (LUR) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) variable of proximity to high-traffic roads (HTR) (10 000vehicles/day). We used age-speci fic NO2 levels to develop indices of exposure at birth, current, and lifetime time-weighted average. The association of NO2 and traffic proximity with respiratory disorders were evaluated using logistic regression in a longitudinal approach (Generalised Estimating Equation). The exposure indexes were used as continuous and categorical variables (cut-off points based on the 75th percentile for NO2 and the 25th percentile for distance from HTRs). Results: The average NO2 exposure level at birth was 37.2 μg/m3 (SD 7.2, 10-90th range 29.2-46.1). There were no statistical significant associations between the exposure indices and the respiratory outcomes in the longitudinal model. The odds ratios for a 10-μg/m3 increase in time-weighted average NO2 exposure were: asthma incidence OR=1.09; 95 CI% 0.78 to 1.52, wheezing OR=1.07; 95 CI% 0.90 to 1.28, shortness of breath with wheezing OR=1.16; 95 CI% 0.94 to 1.43, cough or phlegm apart from cold OR=1.11; 95 CI% 0.92 to 1.33, and otitis OR=1.08; 95 CI% 0.89 to 1.32. Stronger but not significant associations were found considering the 75th percentile of the NO2 distribution as a cut-off, especially for incidence of asthma and prevalence of wheeze (OR=1.41; 95 CI% 0.88 to 2.28 and OR=1.27; 95 CI% 0.95 to 1.70, respectively); the highest OR was found for wheezing (OR=2.29; 95 CI% 1.15 to 4.56) at the 7-year follow-up. No association was found with distance from HTRs. Conclusions: Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is only weakly associated with respiratory symptoms in young children in the first 7 years of life.
机译：背景：环境空气污染一直与中小学生呼吸系统疾病的恶化相关，但尚不清楚早期暴露于交通相关空气污染在呼吸系统症状和哮喘首次发生中的作用。方法：我们评估了672名新生儿的出生队列（意大利罗马）中不同生命阶段交通相关空气污染指数与呼吸结果之间的关联。在出生时以及第6、15个月，4和7岁时对母亲进行了直接访谈。在后续期间，使用二氧化氮（NO2）的土地利用回归模型（LUR）和接近高交通量的地理信息系统（GIS）变量，对每个居住地址的交通相关空气污染暴露进行了评估。道路（HTR）（每天超过10000辆）。我们使用特定年龄的NO2水平来制定出生，当前和终生时间加权平均值的暴露指数。使用纵向回归法（广义估计方程），通过逻辑回归评估了NO2和交通邻近与呼吸系统疾病的关系。接触指数用作连续和分类变量（临界点基于NO2的第75个百分位数和距HTR距离的第25个百分位数）。结果：出生时的平均NO2暴露水平为37.2μg/ m3（SD 7.2，第10-90th范围29.2-46.1）。在纵向模型中，暴露指数与呼吸结果之间无统计学意义的关联。时间加权平均NO2暴露增加10μg/ m3的几率是：哮喘发病率OR = 1.09; 95 CI％0.78至1.52，喘息OR = 1.07; 95 CI％0.90至1.28，气喘伴喘鸣或= 1.16; 95 CI％0.94至1.43，咳嗽或发痰，除了感冒OR = 1.11; 95 CI％0.92至1.33，中耳炎OR = 1.08; 95 CI％0.89至1.32。考虑到NO2分布的第75个百分位数是临界值，发现了更强但不显着的关联性，尤其是对于哮喘的发生率和喘鸣的发生率（OR = 1.41; 95 CI％0.88至2.28和OR = 1.27; 95 CI％0.95至1.70）;在7年的随访中发现喘息的最高OR（OR = 2.29; 95 CI％1.15至4.56）。没有发现与HTR的距离相关。结论：与交通有关的空气污染仅与生命的头7年中的幼儿呼吸道症状弱相关。

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