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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review >MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF SPATIAL MANAGEMENT IN MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
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MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF SPATIAL MANAGEMENT IN MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

机译：评估海洋保护区的空间管理绩效

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Management within a spatial context is progressively becoming more common in marine systems as part of a global movement towards ecologically sustainable development and ecosystem-based management. To understand the implications of spatial management fully, there need to be clear ecological, social and economic management objectives and a system in place allowing measurement of the performance of spatial management in relation to these objectives. Although fisheries management is becoming increasingly spatially explicit, it lags developments in marine conservation, in which marine protected areas (MPAs) have been used extensively. This chapter reviews monitoring for achievement of ecological objectives of spatial management of marine systems and associated performance measures in a range of countries where long-term monitoring of MPAs has been established. The review summarizes spatial management objectives, performance measures, monitoring methodology and primary outcomes and provides a summary of the metrics (variables) and performance measures used worldwide. Reviewed studies aimed to monitor within-reserve effects (e.g., biomass accumulation) and outside-reserve effects (e.g., export of accumulated biomass or propagules across the reserve boundary, i.e., spillover). The review highlights that the objectives of spatial management were often very general and poorly defined. Objectives need to be framed in a way that management performance can be assessed through monitoring. A suite of appropriate metrics is available for this monitoring; however, planning for performance assessment must begin at the time of initial planning for the spatial management, rather than relying on ad hoc studies once the management regime is in place. In framing management objectives, many agencies have considered a relatively small spatial scale, associated with individual MPAs and adjacent areas. In the future, management objectives should be set at a regional scale so that the overall performance of the system can be determined, including assessing how the cessation of certain activities within MPAs displaces pressures on the environment. There needs to be a strong commitment to continued performance assessment; for example, many of the effects of MPAs are not evident for at least a decade. Investment in spatial management is likely to increase considerably in the coming years, broadening in scope from the current concentration on MPA management, particularly in response to the increasing focus on spatially explicit fisheries management and the ecological effects of fishing, and on environmental perturbations such as pollution and climate change. Performance measures for this type of monitoring need to be based as much as possible on sound ecological knowledge of responses to perturbations, rather than the arbitrary setting of limits with little ecological basis.
机译：作为向生态可持续发展和基于生态系统的管理的全球运动的一部分，空间环境下的管理在海洋系统中正逐渐变得越来越普遍。为了充分理解空间管理的含义，需要有明确的生态，社会和经济管理目标，并建立一个可以衡量与这些目标相关的空间管理绩效的系统。尽管渔业管理在空间上变得越来越明确，但它落后于海洋保护的发展，在海洋保护中，海洋保护区已被广泛使用。本章回顾了在已建立MPA长期监测范围的一系列国家中，对实现海洋系统空间管理生态目标和相关性能指标的监测。审查总结了空间管理目标，绩效指标，监测方法和主要成果，并对全球使用的指标（变量）和绩效指标进行了总结。已审查的研究旨在监测保护区内的影响（例如，生物量的积累）和外部保护效果（例如，跨越保护区边界的累积的生物量或繁殖体的出口，即溢出）。审查强调，空间管理的目标通常很笼统，定义不清。需要以一种可以通过监视评估管理绩效的方式来制定目标。一组适当的度量可用于此监视。但是，绩效评估的计划必须在空间管理的初始计划之时开始，而不是在建立管理制度后就依靠临时研究。在制定管理目标时，许多机构已经考虑了相对较小的空间规模，与各个MPA和相邻区域相关联。将来，应该在区域范围内设定管理目标，以便可以确定系统的整体性能，包括评估MPA中某些活动的停止如何减轻环境压力。必须对继续进行绩效评估作出坚定承诺;例如，MPA的许多影响至少在十年内不明显。未来几年，空间管理方面的投资可能会大量增加，其范围将从目前对MPA管理的集中度扩大，特别是由于对空间明确渔业管理和捕捞的生态影响以及对诸如污染和气候变化。此类监视的性能度量应尽可能基于对扰动响应的良好生态学知识，而不是基于生态学基础很少的任意设置限制。

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