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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review >BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN A HIGH-CO2 WORLD
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BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN A HIGH-CO2 WORLD

机译：高二氧化碳世界中的底栖无脊椎动物

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Ocean acidification (OA), whereby increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) over the past 200 years have led to a decline in the pH and carbonate ion availability of the oceans, has emerged as one of the major drivers of twenty-first century marine scientific research. Here we describe the current understanding of OA effects on benthic marine invertebrates, in particular the calcifiers thought to be most sensitive to altered carbonate chemistry. We describe the responses of benthic invertebrates to OA conditions predicted up to the end of the century, examining individual organism response through to ecosystem-level impacts. Research over the past decade has found great variability in the physiological and functional response of different species and communities lo OA, with further variability evident between life stages. Over both geological and recent timescales, the presence and calcification rates of marine calcifiers have been inextricably linked to the carbon chemistry of the oceans. Under short-term experimentally enhanced CO2 conditions, many organisms have shown trade-offs in their physiological responses, such as reductions in calcification rate and reproductive output. In addition, carry-over effects from fertilization, larval and juvenile stages, such as enhanced development time and morphological changes, highlight the need for broad-scale studies over multiple life stages. These organism-level responses may propagate through to altered benthic communities under naturally enhanced CO2 conditions, evident in studies of upwelling regions and at shallow-water volcanic CO2 vents. Only by establishing which benthic invertebrates have the ability to acclimate or adapt, via natural selection, to changes from OA, in combination with other environmental stressors, can we begin to predict the consequences of future climate change for these communities.
机译：海洋酸化（OA）在过去200年中引起大气二氧化碳（CO2）的增加，导致海洋的pH值和碳酸根离子可用性下降，已成为21世纪海洋的主要驱动力之一科学研究。在这里，我们描述了OA对底栖海洋无脊椎动物的影响的当前理解，尤其是被认为对碳酸盐化学变化最敏感的钙化剂。我们描述了底栖无脊椎动物对本世纪末之前预测的OA条件的响应，并考察了个体对生态系统水平的影响。过去十年的研究发现，OA的不同物种和群落的生理和功能反应存在很大的变异性，而且生命周期之间也存在明显的变异性。在地质和最近的时间尺度上，海洋钙化剂的存在和钙化率都与海洋的碳化学密不可分。在短期实验性提高二氧化碳的条件下，许多生物已经表现出了在生理反应中的权衡，例如钙化速率和生殖产量的降低。此外，受精，幼虫和幼年阶段的残留效应，例如延长的发育时间和形态变化，突显了需要对多个生命阶段进行大规模研究。这些有机物水平的响应可能会在自然增强的CO2条件下传播到变化的底栖生物群落，这在上升流地区和浅水火山CO2喷口的研究中很明显。只有通过确定哪些底栖无脊椎动物有能力通过自然选择来适应或适应OA的变化，再结合其他环境压力因素，我们才能开始预测未来气候变化对这些社区的后果。

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