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OCEAN ECOGEOCHEMISTRY: A REVIEW

机译:海洋生态地球化学:综述

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Animal movements and the acquisition and allocation of resources provide mechanisms for individual behavioural traits to propagate through population, community and ecosystem levels of biological organization. Recent developments in analytical geochemistry have provided ecolo-gists with new opportunities to examine movements and trophic dynamics and their subsequent influence on the structure and functioning of animal communities. We refer to this approach as ecogeochemistry-the application of geochemical techniques to fundamental questions in population and community ecology. We used meta-analyses of published data to construct δ~(2)H, δ~(13)C, δ~(15)N, δ~(18)O and Δ~(14)C isoscapes throughout the world's oceans. These maps reveal substantial spatial variability in stable isotope values on regional and ocean-basin scales. We summarize distributions of dissolved metals commonly assayed in the calcified tissues of marine animals. Finally, we review stable isotope analysis (SIA) of amino acids and tatty acids. These analyses overcome many of the problems that prevent bulk SIA from providing sufficient geographic or trophic resolution in marine applications. We expect that ecologists will increasingly use ecogeochemistry approaches to estimate animal movements and trace nutrient pathways in ocean food webs. These studies will, in turn, help provide the scientific underpinning for ecosystem-based management strategies in marine environments.
机译:动物的活动以及资源的获取和分配为个体行为特征通过生物组织的种群,社区和生态系统水平传播提供了机制。分析地球化学的最新发展为生态学家提供了检验运动和营养动力学及其对动物群落结构和功能的后续影响的新机会。我们将这种方法称为生态地球化学-地球化学技术在人口和社区生态学中的基本问题的应用。我们使用已发布数据的荟萃分析来构建全球海洋中的δ〜(2)H,δ〜(13)C,δ〜(15)N,δ〜(18)O和Δ〜(14)C等值线。这些图揭示了区域和海盆尺度上稳定同位素值的巨大空间变异性。我们总结了海洋动物钙化组织中通常测定的溶解金属的分布。最后,我们回顾了氨基酸和塔蒂酸的稳定同位素分析(SIA)。这些分析克服了许多问题,这些问题阻止了大型SIA在海洋应用中提供足够的地理或营养分辨率。我们希望生态学家将越来越多地使用生态地球化学方法来估计海洋食物网中的动物运动并追踪营养途径。这些研究反过来将有助于为海洋环境中基于生态系统的管理策略提供科学依据。

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