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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review >CONFUSION REIGNS? A REVIEW OF MARINE MEGAFAUNA INTERACTIONS WITH TIDAL-STREAM ENVIRONMENTS
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CONFUSION REIGNS? A REVIEW OF MARINE MEGAFAUNA INTERACTIONS WITH TIDAL-STREAM ENVIRONMENTS

机译：混淆区？海洋藻类与潮汐环境相互作用的综述

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Energetic tidal-stream environments are characterized by frequent, variable, yet broadly predictable currents containing ephemeral flow structures that change across multiple spatio-temporal scales. Marine mammals and seabirds (marine megafauna) often frequent such sites, but increasingly these locations are targeted for renewable energy extraction; little is known, however, about how marine megafauna use these habitats and any potential impacts. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge concerning usage by marine megafauna and considers their wider ecological significance. The review describes the physical processes occurring within tidal-stream environments that generate the oceanographic structures of potential ecological relevance, such as jets, boils, eddies, and fronts. Important physical features of these environments include lateral transport, turbulence-driven 3-dimensional flow structure at various spatial scales, and upwelling. Foraging opportunities appear to be the main attractor to marine megafauna, likely driven by enhanced prey abundance, vulnerability, or diversity. Many megafauna associate with particular tidal phases, current strengths, and flow structures, most likely in response to tidally forced prey distribution and behaviours. Occupancy patterns, distributions, and foraging behaviours are discussed. Local site fidelity by 'tidal-stream experts' suggest non-uniform conservation risks within larger metapopulations. The review discusses data-gathering techniques and associated challenges, the significance of scaling, and information gaps.
机译：充满活力的潮汐流环境的特征是频繁，可变但可广泛预测的洋流，其中包含短暂的水流结构，这些水流在多个时空尺度上变化。海洋哺乳动物和海鸟（海洋大型动物）经常出没这些地点，但是越来越多的这些地点被用于可再生能源的开采。然而，关于海洋大型动物如何利用这些栖息地以及任何潜在影响知之甚少。这篇综述旨在总结有关海洋大型动物使用的现有知识，并考虑其广泛的生态意义。这篇综述描述了在潮汐流环境中发生的物理过程，这些过程产生了具有潜在生态意义的海洋学结构，例如喷射流，沸腾物，涡流和锋面。这些环境的重要物理特征包括横向运输，各种空间尺度上的湍流驱动的3维流动结构以及上升流。觅食机会似乎是海洋大型动物的主要吸引者，这可能是由于猎物丰富度，脆弱性或多样性增强所致。许多大型动物都与特定的潮汐阶段，当前强度和水流结构相关，最有可能是响应于潮汐强迫的猎物分布和行为。讨论了居住模式，分布和觅食行为。 “潮流专家”对本地站点的保真度表明较大的种群中存在不一致的保护风险。该评论讨论了数据收集技术和相关的挑战，扩展的重要性以及信息缺口。

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