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Consistency of the current global ocean observing systems from an Argo perspective

机译：从Argo角度看当前全球海洋观测系统的一致性

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Variations in the world's ocean heat storage and its associated volume changes are a key factor to gauge global warming and to assess the earth's energy and sea level budget. Estimating global ocean heat content (GOHC) and global steric sea level (GSSL) with temperature/salinity data from the Argo network reveals a positive change of 0.5±0.1Wm~(-2) (applied to the surface area of the ocean) and 0.5±0.1mm year~(-1) during the years 2005 to 2012, averaged between 60° S and 60° N and the 10-1500m depth layer. In this study, we present an intercomparison of three global ocean observing systems: the Argo network, satellite gravimetry from GRACE and satellite altimetry. Their consistency is investigated from an Argo perspective at global and regional scales during the period 2005-2010. Although we can close the recent global ocean sea level budget within uncertainties, sampling inconsistencies need to be corrected for an accurate global budget due to systematic biases in GOHC and GSSL in the Tropical Ocean. Our findings show that the area around the Tropical Asian Archipelago (TAA) is important to closing the global sea level budget on interannual to decadal timescales, pointing out that the steric estimate from Argo is biased low, as the current mapping methods are insufficient to recover the steric signal in the TAA region. Both the large regional variability and the uncertainties in the current observing system prevent us from extracting indirect information regarding deep-ocean changes. This emphasizes the importance of continuing sustained effort in measuring the deep ocean from ship platforms and by beginning a much needed automated deep-Argo network.
机译：世界海洋储热量的变化及其相关的体积变化是衡量全球变暖以及评估地球能源和海平面预算的关键因素。利用来自Argo网络的温度/盐度数据估算全球海洋热量含量（GOHC）和全球空间海平面（GSSL），发现正变化为0.5±0.1Wm〜（-2）（适用于海洋表面积），并且在2005年至2012年期间平均0.5±0.1mm年〜（-1），平均在60°S和60°N之间以及10-1500m深度层。在这项研究中，我们提出了三种全球海洋观测系统的比较：Argo网络，GRACE的卫星重量分析法和卫星测高仪。在2005年至2010年期间，从Argo的角度在全球和区域范围内对它们的一致性进行了研究。尽管我们可以在不确定性的范围内关闭最近的全球海洋海平面预算，但是由于热带海洋中GOHC和GSSL的系统性偏差，需要校正采样不一致以获取准确的全球预算。我们的研究结果表明，热带亚洲群岛（TAA）周围的区域对于关闭全球海平面年度和十年尺度的预算非常重要，并指出Argo的空间估算偏低，因为当前的制图方法不足以恢复TAA区域中的空间信号。巨大的区域变化和当前观测系统的不确定性都使我们无法提取有关深海变化的间接信息。这强调了持续不断的努力以通过船舶平台测量深海并通过启动急需的自动化深Argo网络的重要性。

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