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首页> 外文期刊>Cellular Signalling >RalGDS family members couple Ras to Ral signalling and that's not all
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RalGDS family members couple Ras to Ral signalling and that's not all

机译：RalGDS家庭成员将Ras与Ral信号耦合，而这还不是全部

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摘要

Ras proteins function as molecular switches that are activated in response to signalling pathways initiated by various extracellular stimuli and subsequently bind to numerous effector proteins leading to the activation of several signalling cascades within the cell. Ras and Ras-related proteins belong to a large superfamily of small GTPases characterized by significant sequence and function similarities. Several evidence indicate the existence of complex signalling networks that link Ras with its relatives in the family. A key role in this cross-talk is played by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that serve both as regulators and as effectors of Ras family proteins. The members of the RalGDS family, RalGDS, RGL, RGL2/Rlf and RGL3, can interact with activated Ras through their Ras Binding Domain (RBD), but may function as effectors for other Ras family members. They possess a REM-CDC25 homology region like RasGEFs, but specifically activate only RalA and RalB and not Ras or other Ras-related small GTPases. In this review we provide an update on this recently discovered family of GEFs, highlighting their crucial role in coupling activated Ras to activation of Ral, thus regulating several fundamental cell processes, and also discussing some evidence supporting Ras-independent additional functions of RalGDS proteins.
机译：Ras蛋白起分子开关的作用，响应各种细胞外刺激引发的信号通路而被激活，然后与众多效应蛋白结合，导致细胞内多个信号级联的活化。 Ras和Ras相关蛋白属于小GTP酶的大型超家族，其特征是序列和功能相似。一些证据表明，存在复杂的信号网络，这些网络将Ras及其家人联系在一起。鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（GEF）在这种串扰中起着关键作用，该因子既充当Ras家族蛋白的调节剂又充当效应子。 RalGDS家族的成员RalGDS，RGL，RGL2 / Rlf和RGL3可以通过其Ras结合域（RBD）与激活的Ras相互作用，但可以充当其他Ras家族成员的效应子。它们具有像RasGEFs一样的REM-CDC25同源区域，但只激活RalA和RalB，而不激活Ras或其他与Ras相关的小GTPases。在这篇综述中，我们提供了有关这个最近发现的GEF家族的最新信息，着重介绍了它们在将活化的Ras与Ral的活化偶联，从而调节几个基本细胞过程中的关键作用，并且还讨论了一些支持RalGDS蛋白独立于Ras的附加功能的证据。

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