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Phosphoinositides - Key players in cell signalling, in time and space [Review]

机译：Phosphoinositides-时间和空间中细胞信号传导的关键参与者[综述]

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Over the last few years, many reports have extended our knowledge of the inositol lipid metabolism and brought out some exciting information about the location, the variety and the role of phosphoinositides (PIs). Besides the so-called "canonical PI pathway" leading to the production of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P-2), the precursor of the intracellular second messengers inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG), many other metabolic pathways have been identified to produce seven different polyphosphoinositides. Several of these quantitatively minor lipid molecules appear to be specifically involved in the control of cellular events, such as the spatial and temporal organisation of key signalling pathways, the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton or the intracellular vesicle trafficking. This is consistent with the fact that many of the enzymes, such as kinases and phosphatases, involved in the tight control of the intracellular level of polyphosphoinositides, are regulated and/or relocated through cell surface receptors for extracellular ligands. The remarkable feature of PIs, which can be rapidly synthesised and degraded in discrete membrane domains or even subnuclear structures, places them as ideal regulators and integrators of very dynamic mechanisms of cell regulation. In this review we will summarise recent studies on the potential location, the metabolic pathways and the role of the different PIs. Some aspects of the temporal synthesis of D3 PIs will also be discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. [References: 108]
机译：在过去的几年中，许多报告扩展了我们对肌醇脂质代谢的认识，并提供了有关磷酸肌醇（PI）的位置，种类和作用的一些令人兴奋的信息。除了导致磷脂酰肌醇4,5-二磷酸（PtdIns（4,5）P-2）产生的所谓的“经典PI途径”，胞内第二信使肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸和二酰基甘油的前体（DAG），已鉴定出许多其他代谢途径来产生七种不同的多磷酸肌醇。这些数量较少的脂质分子中的几种似乎特别参与细胞事件的控制，例如关键信号通路的时空组织，肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重排或细胞内囊泡运输。这与以下事实一致：参与紧密控制多磷酸肌醇细胞内水平的许多酶，例如激酶和磷酸酶，是通过细胞外配体的细胞表面受体调节和/或重新定位的。 PIs的显着特征可以在不连续的膜结构域甚至亚核结构中快速合成和降解，使其成为非常动态的细胞调节机制的理想调节剂和整合剂。在这篇综述中，我们将总结关于不同PI的潜在位置，代谢途径和作用的最新研究。 D3 PI的时间综合的某些方面也将被讨论。 （C）2001 Elsevier Science Inc.保留所有权利。 [参考：108]

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