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Oxyl radicals, redox-sensitive signalling cascades and antioxidants

机译：氧自由基，氧化还原敏感信号级联和抗氧化剂

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摘要

Oxidative stress is an increase in the reduction potential or a large decrease in the reducing capacity of the cellular redox couples. A particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include free radicals and peroxides. Some of the less reactive of these species can be converted by oxidoreduction reactions with transition metals into more aggressive radical species that can cause extensive cellular damage. In animals, ROS may influence cell proliferation, cell death (either apoptosis or necrosis) and the expression of genes, and may be involved in the activation of several signalling pathways, activating cell signalling cascades, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases. Most of these oxygen-derived species are produced at a low level by normal aerobic metabolism and the damage they cause to cells is constantly repaired. The cellular redox environment is preserved by enzymes and antioxidants that maintain the reduced state through a constant input of metabolic energy. This review summarizes current studies that have been regarding the production of ROS and the general redox-sensitive targets of cell signalling cascades. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：氧化应激是细胞氧化还原对的还原电位增加或还原能力大大降低。氧化应激的一个特别破坏性的方面是活性氧物质（ROS）的产生，其中包括自由基和过氧化物。这些物质中某些反应性较低的物质可以通过与过渡金属的氧化还原反应转化为更具侵略性的自由基物质，从而引起广泛的细胞损伤。在动物中，ROS可能会影响细胞增殖，细胞死亡（凋亡或坏死）和基因表达，并且可能参与多种信号通路的激活，从而激活细胞信号级联反应，例如涉及促分裂原活化蛋白激酶的级联反应。这些氧源性物质中的大多数是通过正常的有氧代谢产生的，含量很低，并且它们对细胞造成的损害会不断得到修复。酶和抗氧化剂可维持细胞的氧化还原环境，这些酶和抗氧化剂可通过不断输入代谢能量来维持还原状态。这篇综述总结了有关ROS的产生和细胞信号转导级联的一般氧化还原敏感目标的当前研究。 （c）2007 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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