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A guide and guard: The many faces of T-cadherin

机译：指导和警卫：T-钙黏着蛋白的许多面孔

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摘要

Cadherins are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion. T-cadherin (T-cad, H-cadherin or cadherin-13) is an atypical member, lacking transmembrane and cytosolic domains and possessing a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety that anchors T-cadherin to the plasma membrane. This article reviews current knowledge on the biomolecular characteristics of T-cadherin, its expression and function in different tissues in health and disease and its mechanisms of signal transduction. The structural characteristics of T-cadherin protein predict that it is unlikely to function as a "true" adhesion molecule in vivo. Studies from different fields suggest that it may act rather as a signalling receptor participating in recognition of the environment and regulation of cell motility, proliferation and phenotype. Cellular expression levels of T-cadherin in various tissues frequently correlate (be it negatively or positively) with the proliferative potential of the cells. Loss- and gain-of-function studies demonstrate the ability of T-cadherin to modulate cell motility and growth. Gathering evidence suggests that the "functional predestination" of T-cadherin is in control of tissue architecture through "guiding" navigation of moving structures, segregating functional tissue compartments and "guarding" integrity of functionally connected tissue layers.
机译：钙黏着蛋白是跨膜蛋白的超家族，其介导钙依赖性细胞间粘附。 T-cadherin（T-cad，H-cadherin或cadherin-13）是非典型成员，缺乏跨膜和胞质结构域，并具有将T-cadherin锚定在质膜上的糖基磷脂酰肌醇部分。本文回顾了有关T-钙粘着蛋白的生物分子特性，其在健康和疾病中在不同组织中的表达和功能及其信号转导机制的最新知识。 T-钙粘着蛋白的结构特征预示着它不太可能在体内充当“真正的”粘附分子。来自不同领域的研究表明，它可能充当信号受体，参与环境的识别以及细胞运动，增殖和表型的调节。 T-钙粘着蛋白在各种组织中的细胞表达水平经常与细胞的增殖潜能相关（负向或正向）。功能丧失和功能获得研究证明T-钙粘着蛋白调节细胞运动性和生长的能力。越来越多的证据表明，T-钙粘蛋白的“功能预定点”通过“引导”运动结构导航，分隔功能组织隔室和“保护”功能连接的组织层的完整性来控制组织结构。

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