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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Novel multitrophic interactions among an exotic, generalist herbivore, its host plants and resident enemies in California
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Novel multitrophic interactions among an exotic, generalist herbivore, its host plants and resident enemies in California

机译：加利福尼亚州一种外来的，食草动物，其寄主植物和当地敌人之间的新型多营养相互作用

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What happens when an exotic herbivore invades and encounters novel host plants and enemies? Here, we investigate the impacts of host plant quality and plant architecture on an exotic generalist herbivore, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its interactions with resident parasitoids in California. Using artificial diet and five plant species, we found significant effects of diet on the fitness of E. postvittana under laboratory conditions. In the field, based on a common garden experiment with host plants of nine species, we found that larval parasitism varied among plant species by a factor of 2.1 with a higher risk of parasitism on shorter than taller plants. Parasitism of egg masses varied by a factor of 4.7 among plant species with a higher risk of parasitism on taller than shorter plants. In the laboratory, the foraging time of a resident egg parasitoid on excised leaves varied among plant species, but did not correspond to observed egg parasitism rates on these same plants in the field. On leaves of Plantago lanceolata, the probability of egg parasitism decreased with trichome density. Overall, there was a significant effect of host plant on the intrinsic rate of increase of E. postvittana and on the extent of parasitism by resident parasitoids, but no correlation existed between these two effects. The recent decline of E. postvittana in California may be due to the low quality of some host plants and to the many resident enemies that readily attack it, perhaps due to its phylogenetic relatedness to resident tortricids.
机译：当外来的食草动物入侵并遇到新颖的寄主植物和敌人时，会发生什么？在这里，我们调查寄主植物质量和植物结构对异国通才草食动物Epiphyas postvittana（鳞翅目：Tortricidae）的影响及其与加利福尼亚常驻寄生虫的相互作用。使用人工饮食和五种植物，我们发现饮食在实验室条件下对E. postvittana的适应性具有显着影响。在野外，根据一项常见的花园实验，对9种植物寄主进行了研究，我们发现幼虫的寄生虫在植物物种中的变异系数为2.1，与较高的植物相比，寄生虫的风险更高。在较高的植物种类中，与较短的植物相比，在较高的植物种类中，虫卵的寄生率相差4.7倍。在实验室中，常驻卵寄生卵在切下的叶片上的觅食时间因植物种类而异，但与田间相同植物上观察到的卵寄生率不符。在车前草的叶子上，随着毛线虫密度的增加，卵寄生的可能性降低。总体而言，寄主植物对E. postvittana的内在增长率和常驻寄生性寄生虫的寄生程度具有显着影响，但是这两种影响之间没有相关性。加利福尼亚州最近的E. postvittana下降可能是由于某些寄主植物的质量低下以及容易攻击它的许多常住敌人，也许是由于其与常住的类tric虫有系统的关系。

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