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How phylogeny shapes the taxonomic and functional structure of plant-insect networks

机译:系统发育如何塑造植物-昆虫网络的分类和功能结构

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摘要

Phylogenetically related species share a common evolutionary history and may therefore have similar traits. In terms of interaction networks, where traits are a major determinant, related species should therefore interact with other species which are also related. However, this prediction is challenged by current evidence that there is a weak, albeit significant, phylogenetic signal in species' taxonomic niche, i.e., the identity of interacting species. We studied mutualistic and antagonistic plant-insect interaction networks in species-rich alpine meadows and show that there is instead a very strong phylogenetic signal in species' functional niches-i.e., the mean functional traits of their interactors. This pattern emerges because related species tend to interact with species bearing certain traits that allow biotic interactions (pollination, herbivory) but not necessarily with species from all the same evolutionary lineages. Those traits define a set of potential interactors and show clear patterns of phylogenetic clustering on several portions of plants and insect phylogenies. Thus, this emerging pattern of low phylogenetic signal in taxonomic niches but high phylogenetic signal in functional niches may be driven by the interplay between functional trait convergence across plants' and insects' phylogenies and random sampling of the potential interactors.
机译:系统发育相关的物种具有共同的进化史,因此可能具有相似的性状。就相互作用网络而言,性状是主要决定因素,因此相关物种应与也相关的其他物种相互作用。然而,这一预测受到了当前证据的挑战,即目前在物种的分类生态位中存在弱的,即使是重要的系统发育信号,即相互作用物种的身份。我们在物种丰富的高寒草甸中研究了相互对立和拮抗的植物-昆虫相互作用网络,结果表明,在物种的功能生态位(即其相互作用者的平均功能特征)中存在非常强的系统发生信号。之所以出现这种模式,是因为相关物种倾向于与具有某些特性的物种相互作用,这些特性允许生物相互作用(授粉,食草),但不一定与来自所有相同进化谱系的物种相互作用。这些特征定义了一组潜在的相互作用子,并在植物和昆虫系统发育的几个部分上显示出清晰的系统发育簇模式。因此,这种新兴的分类生境低系统发育信号模式,而功能生境中的系统进化信号高模式,可能是由植物和昆虫系统发育的功能性特性趋同与潜在相互作用因子的随机采样之间的相互作用所驱动。

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