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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Interference in the tundra predator guild studied using local ecological knowledge
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Interference in the tundra predator guild studied using local ecological knowledge

机译：利用当地生态知识研究苔原捕食者行会的干扰

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The decline or recolonization of apex predators such as wolves and lynx, often driven by management decisions, and the expansion of smaller generalist predators such as red foxes, can have important ecosystem impacts. The mesopredator release hypothesis proposes that apex predators control medium-sized predator populations through competition and/or intraguild predation. The decline of apex predators thus leads to an increase in mesopredators, possibly with a negative impact on prey populations. Information about the abundance of mammalian tundra predators, wolf (Canis lupus), wolverine (Gulo gulo), lynx (Lynx lynx), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) was collected from local active outdoors people during semi-structured interviews in 14 low arctic or sub-arctic settlements in western Eurasia. The perceived abundance of red fox decreased with higher wolf abundance and in more arctic areas, but the negative effect of wolves decreased in more arctic and therefore less productive ecosystems. The perceived abundance of arctic fox increased towards the arctic and in areas with colder winters. Although there was a negative correlation between the two fox species, red fox was not included in the model for perceived arctic fox abundance, which received most support. Our results support the mesopredator release hypothesis regarding the expansion of red foxes in subarctic areas and indicate that top-down control by apex predators is weaker in less productive and more arctic ecosystems. We showed that local ecological knowledge is a valuable source of information about large-scale processes, which are difficult to study through direct biological investigations.
机译：通常由管理决策驱动的先头天敌（如狼和山猫）的衰落或重新定殖，以及较小的多面手天敌（如赤狐）的扩张，可能会对生态系统产生重要影响。中繁殖者释放假说提出，先天性掠食者通过竞争和/或公会内捕食来控制中型掠食者种群。因此，先天食肉动物的减少导致中食动物的增加，这可能对猎物种群产生负面影响。在半干旱期间，从当地活跃的户外活动人士那里收集了有关哺乳动物冻原捕食者，狼（犬天狼疮），金刚狼（古洛古洛），山猫（天猫座），赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）和北极狐（Vulpes lagopus）的丰富信息。在欧亚大陆西部14个低北极或亚北极定居点进行结构化采访。狐狸的丰度越高，北极地区的狐狸的感知丰度就越低，但是北极地区的北极狼的消极影响却在降低，因此生态系统的生产力降低。在北极和冬季较冷的地区，北极狐的感知数量增加。尽管两种狐狸物种之间存在负相关关系，但是在感知到的北极狐狸丰度模型中并未包括红狐狸，该模型得到了最多的支持。我们的研究结果支持了关于北极地区赤狐扩张的中膜繁殖者释放假说，并表明在生产力低下和北极生态系统生产力较高的情况下，尖顶捕食者对自上而下的控制较弱。我们表明，当地的生态知识是关于大规模过程的有价值的信息来源，而这些过程很难通过直接的生物学调查来研究。

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