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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Heterozygosity, gender, and the growth-defense trade-off in quaking aspen
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Heterozygosity, gender, and the growth-defense trade-off in quaking aspen

机译：异质性，性别与白杨地震的防御防​​御权衡

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Although plant growth is generally recognized to be influenced by allocation to defense, genetic background (e.g., inbreeding), and gender, rarely have those factors been addressed collectively. In quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), phenolic glycosides (PGs) and condensed tannins (CTs) constitute up to 30 % of leaf dry weight. To quantify the allocation cost of this chemical defense, we measured growth, defense chemistry, and individual heterozygosity (H (obs) at 16 microsatellite loci) for male and female trees in both controlled and natural environments. The controlled environment consisted of 12 juvenile genets grown for 3 years in a common garden, with replication. The natural environment consisted of 51 mature genets in wild populations, from which we sampled multiple ramets (trees) per genet. Concentrations of PGs and CTs were negatively correlated. PGs were uncorrelated with growth, but CT production represented a major cost. Across the range of CT levels found in wild-grown trees, growth rates varied by 2.6-fold, such that a 10 % increase in CT concentration occurred with a 38.5 % decrease in growth. H (obs) had a marked effect on aspen growth: for wild trees, a 10 % increase in H (obs) corresponded to a 12.5 % increase in growth. In wild trees, this CT effect was significant only in females, in which reproduction seems to exacerbate the cost of defense, while the H (obs) effect was significant only in males. Despite the lower growth rate of low-H (obs) trees, their higher CT levels may improve survival, which could account for the deficit of heterozygotes repeatedly found in natural aspen populations.
机译：尽管一般认为植物生长受防御，遗传背景（例如近交）和性别分配的影响，但很少共同解决这些因素。在地震白杨（Populus tremuloides Michx。）中，酚类糖苷（PGs）和缩合单宁（CTs）占叶干重的30％。为了量化这种化学防御的分配成本，我们在受控和自然环境下对雄性和雌性树的生长，防御化学和个体杂合度（H（obs）在16个微卫星基因座处）进行了测量。受控环境由在共同花园中生长3年并复制的12个幼年种组成。自然环境由野生种群中的51个成熟种组成，我们从每个种中取样了多个分株（树）。 PG和CT的浓度呈负相关。 PG与增长无关，但是CT生产代表了主要成本。在野生树中发现的CT水平范围内，生长速率变化2.6倍，因此CT浓度增加了10％，生长减少了38.5％。 H（obs）对白杨生长有显着影响：对于野生树木，H（obs）增加10％相当于生长增加12.5％。在野生树木中，这种CT效应仅在雌性中显着，其中繁殖似乎加剧了防御成本，而H（obs）效应仅在雄性中显着。尽管低H（obs）树的生长速率较低，但其较高的CT水平可能会提高生存率，这可能解释了天然白杨种群中反复发现的杂合子的缺陷。

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