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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Fluctuations in daily energy intake do not cause physiological stress in a Neotropical primate living in a seasonal forest
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Fluctuations in daily energy intake do not cause physiological stress in a Neotropical primate living in a seasonal forest

机译：每日能量摄入量的波动不会对生活在季节性森林中的新热带灵长类动物造成生理压力

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Animals may face periods of nutritional stress due to short-term food shortage and/or low energy consumption associated with seasonal fluctuations in resource availability. We tested the hypothesis that periods of restricted macronutrient and energy intake result in energy deficits and physiological stress in wild black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) inhabiting seasonal tropical semi-deciduous forests. We conducted full-day follows of focal animals recording feeding rates, time spent feeding, and total amount of food ingested. We carried out nutritional analysis of foods collected from feeding trees and calculated the daily nutrient and energy intake of each focal individual. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) of focal animals were used as an indicator of physiological stress. We found that fluctuations in daily energy intake across seasons did not have significant effects on fGCM of individuals. However, protein intake was negatively associated with fGCM, highlighting the interplay among macronutrients, metabolism, and the endocrine system. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites were also positively related to fruit availability, but this relationship was most likely due to social stress associated with intergroup encounters and resource defense that occurred when preferred trees were fruiting. Behavioral strategies such as dietary shifts and nutrient mixing, and metabolic adaptations such as low energy expenditure allowed individuals to fulfill their minimum energy requirements even during periods of decreased resource availability and intake. The present study suggests that seasonal variations in food, macronutrient, and energy acquisition may have limited physiological costs for animals that exploit different types of plant resources such as howler monkeys.
机译：由于短期的食物短缺和/或与资源供应的季节性波动相关的低能耗，动物可能面临营养紧张的时期。我们检验了以下假设：在居住于季节性热带半落叶林的野生黑吼猴（Alouatta pigra）中，有限的大量营养素和能量摄入会导致能量不足和生理应激。我们对重点动物进行了全天跟踪，记录了进食速度，进食时间和摄入的食物总量。我们对从饲喂树中收集的食物进行了营养分析，并计算了每个焦点个体的每日营养和能量摄入。局灶动物的粪便糖皮质激素代谢物（fGCM）被用作生理应激的指标。我们发现，不同季节的每日能量摄入波动不会对个体的fGCM产生显着影响。但是，蛋白质摄入与fGCM呈负相关，突出了大量营养素，代谢和内分泌系统之间的相互作用。粪便糖皮质激素代谢产物也与果实供应量呈正相关，但这种关系最有可能是由于当首选树木结实时与群体间遭遇和资源防御相关的社会压力。饮食改变和营养混合等行为策略以及低能量消耗等新陈代谢适应措施使个人即使在资源可利用量和摄入量减少的情况下也能满足其最低能量需求。本研究表明，食物，季节性营养素和能量获取的季节性变化可能会对利用不同类型植物资源（例如吼猴）的动物的生理成本造成限制。

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