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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Effects of sample preparation on stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in marine invertebrates: implications for food web studies using stable isotopes.
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Effects of sample preparation on stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in marine invertebrates: implications for food web studies using stable isotopes.

机译：样品制备对海洋无脊椎动物中碳氮稳定同位素比的影响：对使用稳定同位素进行食物网研究的启示。

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Trophic ecology has benefitted from the use of stable isotopes for the last three decades. However, during the last 10 years, there has been a growing awareness of the isotopic biases associated with some pre-analytical procedures that can seriously hamper the interpretation of food webs. We have assessed the extent of such biases by: (1) reviewing the literature on the topic, and (2) compiling C and N isotopic values of marine invertebrates reported in the literature with the associated sample preparation protocols. The factors considered were: acid-washing, distilled water rinsing (DWR), sample type (whole individuals or pieces of soft tissues), lipid content, and gut contents. Two-level ANOVA revealed overall large and highly significant effects of acidification for both delta(13)C values (up to 0.9 per thousand decrease) and delta(15) N values (up to 2.1 per thousand decrease in whole individual samples, and up to 1.1 per thousand increase in tissue samples). DWR showed a weak overall effect with delta(13)C increments of 0.6 per thousand (for the entire data set) or decrements of 0.7 per thousand in delta(15) N values (for tissue samples). Gut contents showed no overall significant effect, whereas lipid extraction resulted in the greatest biases in both isotopic signatures (delta(13)C, up to -2.0 per thousand in whole individuals; delta(15)N, up to +4.3 per thousand in tissue samples). The study analyzed separately the effects of the various factors in different taxonomic groups and revealed a very high diversity in the extent and direction of the effects. Maxillopoda, Gastropoda, and Polychaeta were the classes that showed the largest isotopic shifts associated with sample preparation. Guidelines for the standardization of sample preparation protocols for isotopic analysis are proposed both for large and small marine invertebrates. Broadly, these guidelines recommend: (1) avoiding both acid washing and DWR, and (2) performing lipid extraction and gut evacuation in most cases.
机译：在过去的三十年中，营养营养得益于稳定同位素的使用。但是，在过去的10年中，人们越来越意识到与某些分析前程序相关的同位素偏见，这些偏见会严重阻碍食物网的解释。我们通过以下方法评估了这种偏倚的程度：（1）复习有关该主题的文献，以及（2）用相关的样品制备规程汇编文献中报道的海洋无脊椎动物的C和N同位素值。考虑的因素包括：酸洗，蒸馏水冲洗（DWR），样品类型（整个个体或软组织碎片），脂质含量和肠道含量。两级方差分析揭示了酸化对delta（13）C值（最多降低千分之0.9）和delta（15）N值（最多单个样品降低千分之2.1）的总体影响很大且非常重要到组织样本中每千增加的数量增加到1.1）。 DWR表现出较弱的总体效果，delta（15）N值的delta（13）C增量为0.6 /千（对于整个数据集）或0.7 /千的递减（对于组织样本）。肠内容物未显示总体显着影响，而脂质提取导致两个同位素特征的最大偏差（delta（13）C，整个个体最高至-2.0 /千; delta（15）N，最高至+ 4.3 /千。组织样本）。该研究分别分析了不同分类组中各种因素的影响，并揭示了影响程度和方向的高度差异。 Maxillopoda，Gastropoda和Polychaeta是显示与样品制备相关的最大同位素变化的类别。提出了针对大型和小型海洋无脊椎动物的同位素分析样品制备方案标准化指南。概括地讲，这些指南建议：（1）避免酸洗和DWR，以及（2）在大多数情况下，应进行脂质提取和肠排空。

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