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首页> 外文期刊>Russian Journal of Plant Physiology >Phytoremediation of metal-polluted ecosystems: Hype for commercialization [Review]
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Phytoremediation of metal-polluted ecosystems: Hype for commercialization [Review]

机译：金属污染的生态系统的植物修复：为商业化的炒作[评论]

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摘要

Air, water, and soil are polluted by a variety of metals due to anthropogenic activities, which alter the normal biogeochemical cycling. Biodiversity has been employed widely by both developed and developing nations for environmental decontamination of metals. These technologies have gained considerable momentum in the recent times with a hype for commercialization. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's remediation program included phytoremediation of metals and radionuclides as a thrust area to an extent of 30% during the year 2000. Plants, that hyperaccumulate metals, are the ideal model organisms and attracted attention of scientists all over the world for their application in phytoremediation technology. Metal hyperaccumulators have the ability to overcome major physiological bottlenecks. The potential of hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation application relies upon their growth rates (i.e., biomass production) and metal accumulation rate (g metal per kg of plant tissue). The two primary reasons, that are limiting global application of this technology, are the slow growth rates exhibited by most naturally occurring metal hyperaccumulators and the limited solubility of metals in soils (i.e., the high affinity of metal ions for soil particles). Phytoremediation applications, relevance of transgenic plants for metal decontamination, chelate enhanced phytoremediation, chemical transformation, molecular physiology and genetic basis of metal hyperaccumulation by plants, commercialization hype for the phytoremediation technology are reviewed.
机译：由于人为活动，空气，水和土壤被多种金属污染，这改变了正常的生物地球化学循环。生物多样性已被发达国家和发展中国家广泛采用来对金属进行环境净化。随着技术的商业化，这些技术最近获得了可观的发展势头。美国环境保护局的修复计划包括对金属和放射性核素进行植物修复，并将其作为重点地区，在2000年期间进行了30％的处理。金属过度富集的植物是理想的模式生物，受到了全世界科学家的关注。它们在植物修复技术中的应用。金属超蓄能剂有能力克服主要的生理瓶颈。超级蓄积剂在植物修复中的潜力取决于它们的生长速率（即生物量生产）和金属积累速率（每千克植物组织中的金属克）。限制该技术在全球范围内应用的两个主要原因是大多数天然存在的金属超蓄积剂显示出缓慢的生长速度以及金属在土壤中的溶解度有限（即金属离子对土壤颗粒的高亲和力）。综述了植物修复的应用，转基因植物对金属去污的相关性，螯合增强的植物修复，化学转化，植物体内金属过度富集的分子生理学和遗传基础，植物修复技术的商业化炒作。

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