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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >The dilemma of being a fragrant flower: the major floral volatile attracts pollinators and florivores in the euglossine-pollinated orchid Dichaea pendula
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The dilemma of being a fragrant flower: the major floral volatile attracts pollinators and florivores in the euglossine-pollinated orchid Dichaea pendula

机译：成为芬芳花朵的两难境地：主要的花卉挥发物吸引了由芥子碱授粉的兰花Dichaea pendula的授粉者和食草动物

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mediate both mutualistic and antagonistic plant-animal interactions; thus, the attraction of mutualists and antagonists by floral VOCs constitutes an important trade-off in the evolutionary ecology of angiosperms. Here, we evaluate the role of VOCs in mediating communication between the plant and its mutualist and antagonist floral visitors. To assess the evolutionary consequences of VOC-mediated signalling to distinct floral visitors, we studied the reproductive ecology of Dichaea pendula, assessing the effects of florivores on fruit set, the pollination efficiency of pollinators and florivores, the floral scent composition and the attractiveness of the major VOC to pollinators and florivores. The orchid depends entirely on orchid-bees for sexual reproduction, and the major florivores, the weevils, feed on corollas causing self-pollination, triggering abortion of 26.4 % of the flowers. Floral scent was composed of approximately 99 % 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, an unusual floral VOC attractive to pollinators and florivores. The low fruit set from natural pollination (5.6 %) compared to hand cross-pollination (45.5 %) and low level of pollinator visitation [0.02 visits (flower hour)(-1)] represent the limitations to pollination. Our research found that 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol mediates both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions, which could result in contrary evolutionary pressures on novo-emission. The scarcity of pollinators, not florivory, was the major constraint to fruit set. Our results suggest that, rather than anti-florivory adaptations, adaptations to enhance pollinator attraction and cross-pollination might be the primary drivers of the evolution of VOC emission in euglossine-pollinated flowers.
机译：挥发性有机化合物（VOC）介导植物与动物之间的相互作用和拮抗作用。因此，花卉挥发性有机化合物对互惠生和拮抗剂的吸引力构成了被子植物进化生态学中的重要权衡。在这里，我们评估了挥发性有机化合物在调解植物与其互惠和拮抗花卉访客之间的交流中的作用。为了评估VOC介导的信号传导给不同花卉访客的进化后果，我们研究了Dichaea pendula的生殖生态学，评估了食花植物对坐果的影响，传粉媒介和授粉植物的授粉效率，花的气味成分以及它们的吸引力。传粉媒介和食草动物的主要挥发性有机化合物。兰花完全依靠兰花蜂进行有性繁殖，而主要的花食类象鼻虫以花冠为食，引起自花授粉，引发了26.4％的花朵流产。花香由大约99％的2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚组成，这是一种不寻常的花型挥发性有机化合物，对传粉媒介和食草动物有吸引力。与手工交叉授粉相比，自然授粉的坐果率低（5.6％），而手传授粉的坐果率低（45.5％），授粉者访视率低[0.02次访问（花小时）（-1）]代表了授粉的局限性。我们的研究发现，2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚介导相互的相互作用和拮抗的相互作用，这可能导致相反的进化压力。授粉媒介的稀缺，而不是花粉的缺乏，是坐果的主要限制因素。我们的结果表明，增强抗传粉媒介吸引力和异花授粉的适应而不是抗植物适应，可能是桉油碱授粉花中VOC释放演变的主要驱动力。

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