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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Differential invasion of a wetland grass explained by tests of nutrients and light availability on establishment and clonal growth
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Differential invasion of a wetland grass explained by tests of nutrients and light availability on establishment and clonal growth

机译：湿地草的差异性入侵可以通过养分和无性系建立和克隆生长测试来解释

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Phalaris arundinacea (Poaceae) is aggressively invading wetlands across North America. We tested the hypotheses that open canopies and increased nutrients facilitate vegetative establishment in the field, using a phytometer (6 rhizome fragments/plot. 24 plots/wetland). In each of three wetlands, phytometers received three levels of an NPK fertilizer or served as controls. Emergence and survival differed among sites (P=0.0005), but not due to NPK addition. P. arundinacea survival was highest in a wet prairie with a late-developing canopy, but limited by prolonged flooding in one sedge meadow and by an early-growing, dense plant canopy in a second. These patterns were explained in greenhouse experiments, where both flooding (P<0.0001) and heavy shade (P=0.0002) decreased P. arundinacea aboveground biomass by up to 73% and 97%. respectively. Rhizome fragment survival was reduced by 30% under flooded conditions and 25% under heavy shade. We then tested the hypothesis that a clonal subsidy facilitates vegetative expansion into heavy shade. Established clones were allowed access to bare soil under four levels of shade and two levels of NPK fertilizer in a two-factor greenhouse experiment. Young ramets attached to parent clones readily grew into heavy shade, and the high nutrient treatment increased aboveground growth (P<0.0001) and distance of ramet spread (P=0.0051) by nearly 50%. Under low nutrient conditions. root biomass increased by 30% (P<0.0001). P. arundinacea's rapid expansion into a variety of wetland types is likely a function of clonal subsidy, morphological plasticity, and nutrient availability: young ramets that emerge under shaded conditions are supported by parental subsidies; where nutrients are plentiful. P. arundinacea can maximize aboveground growth to capture more light; and where nutrients are scarce. it can increase belowground foraging.
机译：Phalaris arundinacea（禾本科）正积极入侵整个北美的湿地。我们使用植酸计（6个根茎片段/地块。24个地块/湿地）测试了开放冠层和增加养分有助于田间营养生长的假设。在三个湿地中的每个中，植酸计都接受了三水平的氮磷钾肥料或用作对照。站点之间的出现和生存有所不同（P = 0.0005），但这不是由于添加了NPK。 arundinacea的存活率最高的是湿润的大草原，其冠层发育较晚，但受限于一个莎草草甸的长时间洪水淹没和第二个早期茂密的植物冠层生长。这些模式在温室实验中得到了解释，其中洪水（P <0.0001）和浓荫（P = 0.0002）都使地名假单胞菌地上生物量减少了73％和97％。分别。在充满水的条件下，根茎片段的存活率降低了30％，在浓密的阴影下，根茎片段的存活率降低了25％。然后，我们检验了克隆补贴有助于将植物生长成浓荫的假设。在两个因素的温室试验中，已建立的克隆可在四个遮荫和两个氮磷钾肥料水平下进入裸露的土壤。附着在亲本克隆上的年轻分株很容易长成浓密的阴影，高营养处理使地上生长（P <0.0001）和分株传播距离（P = 0.0051）增加了近50％。在低营养条件下。根系生物量增加了30％（P <0.0001）。 P. arundinacea迅速扩展到各种湿地类型可能是克隆补贴，形态可塑性和养分可利用性的函数：在阴暗条件下出现的年轻分株得到父母补贴的支持;营养丰富的地方P. arundinacea可使地上生长最大化，从而捕获更多光。以及缺乏营养的地方。它可以增加地下觅食。

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