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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Prickles, latex, and tolerance in the endemic Hawaiian prickly poppy (Argemone glauca): variation between populations, across ontogeny, and in response to abiotic factors
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Prickles, latex, and tolerance in the endemic Hawaiian prickly poppy (Argemone glauca): variation between populations, across ontogeny, and in response to abiotic factors

机译：夏威夷地方rick罂粟（Argemone glauca）的痒，乳胶和耐受性：种群之间，个体发育过程中以及对非生物因素的反应之间的差异

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Covariance among plant defense traits is predicted to occur both within and among plant species, potentially leading to characteristic defense syndromes. I examined patterns of variation in prickle density, latex exudation, and tolerance in order to assess whether traits varied between populations, across plant ontogeny, and as phenotypic plasticity in response to water and light limitation and physical damage using the endemic Hawaiian prickly poppy, Argemone glauca, as a model system. Plants produced copious latex, had extremely variable prickle densities, and were generally tolerant of 50 % defoliation. However, expression patterns differed among defense traits. Prickle density was consistent across ontogeny and was not induced by either water limitation or mechanical damage, but was significantly induced under high light conditions. In contrast, latex exudation increased significantly across ontogeny and was reduced by water limitation, but had no response to mechanical damage or light. Prickles, latex, and tolerance differed considerably between populations, suggesting different evolutionary histories for these populations. These disparate patterns indicate that latex and prickles are unlinked within A. glauca, potentially as a result of differences in their function, and providing little evidence that they jointly function as a defense syndrome. Moreover, this study provides the first description patterns of variation for multiple defense traits in an island endemic, and high levels of prickles, latex, and tolerance suggest that A. glauca is well defended against herbivores. Future research in the field will provide additional insights into the functional ecology of these traits in A. glauca.
机译：预计植物防御性状之间的协方差会在植物物种内部和之中发生，可能导致特征性防御综合症。我检查了刺皮密度，乳胶渗出和耐受性的变化模式，以评估群体之间的性状是否在植物个体发育过程中发生变化，以及使用夏威夷特有的多刺罂粟花Argemone来响应水分和光照限制以及物理损伤，作为表型可塑性glauca，作为模型系统。植物产生大量乳胶，刺毛密度变化非常大，并且一般耐受50％的脱叶。但是，表达模式在防御性状之间有所不同。 onto虫密度在整个个体发育过程中是一致的，既不受水分限制或机械损伤的诱导，但在强光条件下被明显诱导。相比之下，乳胶渗出物在个体发育过程中显着增加，并且由于水分限制而减少，但是对机械损伤或光没有反应。人群之间的皮毛，乳胶和耐受性差异很大，这表明这些人群的进化史不同。这些不同的模式表明，乳胶和皮刺在青光菊内是不相关的，可能是由于它们功能的差异所致，并且几乎没有证据表明它们共同起到防御综合症的作用。此外，这项研究提供了岛上特有物种的多种防御性状变异的第一个描述模式，高水平的刺，乳胶和耐受性表明，青草对草食动物具有良好的防御能力。在该领域的未来研究将提供更多的见解，以了解这些特征在功能性生态学。

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