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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Nocturnal loss of body reserves reveals high survival risk for subordinate great tits wintering at extremely low ambient temperatures
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Nocturnal loss of body reserves reveals high survival risk for subordinate great tits wintering at extremely low ambient temperatures

机译：夜间失去的身体储备表明，在极低的环境温度下，下等大山雀越冬存在较高的生存风险

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摘要

Winter acclimatization in birds is a complex of several strategies based on metabolic adjustment accompanied by long-term management of resources such as fattening. However, wintering birds often maintain fat reserves below their physiological capacity, suggesting a cost involved with excessive levels of reserves. We studied body reserves of roosting great tits in relation to their dominance status under two contrasting temperature regimes to see whether individuals are capable of optimizing their survival strategies under extreme environmental conditions. We predicted less pronounced loss of body mass and body condition and lower rates of overnight mortality in dominant great tits at both mild and extremely low ambient temperatures, when ambient temperature dropped down to -43 A degrees C. The results showed that dominant great tits consistently maintained lower reserve levels than subordinates regardless of ambient temperature. However, dominants responded to the rising risk of starvation under low temperatures by increasing their body reserves, whereas subdominant birds decreased reserve levels in harsh conditions. Yet, their losses of body mass and body reserves were always lower than in subordinate birds. None of the dominant great tits were found dead, while five young females and one adult female were found dead in nest boxes during cold spells when ambient temperatures dropped down to -43 A degrees C. The dead great tits lost up to 23.83 % of their evening body mass during cold nights while surviving individuals lost on average 12.78 % of their evening body mass. Our results show that fattening strategies of great tits reflect an adaptive role of winter fattening which is sensitive to changes in ambient temperatures and differs among individuals of different social ranks.
机译：鸟类的冬季适应是基于代谢调节以及长期管理资源（例如育肥）的几种策略的综合体。但是，越冬的鸟类通常将脂肪储备维持在其生理能力以下，这表明储备储备过多会带来成本。我们研究了在两种不同的温度条件下，栖息大山雀的身体储备与优势地位的关系，以了解个人是否有能力在极端环境条件下优化其生存策略。我们预测，在环境温度降至-43 A摄氏度时，在环境温度极低和极低的情况下，优势大山雀的体重和身体状况损失不会那么明显，过夜的死亡率会降低。无论环境温度如何，维持的储备水平都低于下属。然而，在低温条件下，优势种群通过增加其身体储备来应对饥饿风险的增加，而主要种群的鸟类在恶劣条件下降低了储备水平。但是，它们的体重和身体储备损失总是低于下属鸟类。在环境温度降至-43 A摄氏度的寒冷天气中，没有发现主导的大山雀死亡，而在巢箱中发现了五只年轻的雌性和一名成年雌性。死亡的大山雀损失了高达其23.83％的山雀在寒冷的夜晚，晚间的体重下降了，而存活下来的人平均损失了晚间的体重的12.78％。我们的结果表明，大山雀的育肥策略反映了冬季育肥的适应性作用，该育肥对环境温度的变化敏感，并且不同社会阶层的个体之间也存在差异。

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