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首页> 外文期刊>Oikos: A Journal of Ecology >Parental care and reproductive investment in shield bugs (Acanthosomatidae, Heteroptera)
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Parental care and reproductive investment in shield bugs (Acanthosomatidae, Heteroptera)

机译：盾构臭虫的寄养和生殖投资（棘皮mat科，异翅目）

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摘要

Females of the three Elasmucha species (E. grisea, E. fieberi and E. ferrugata) guard their offspring by standing over them until they are small larvae; later stage larvae are abandoned. Female size limits the area that can be defended effectively. In making a given reproductive investment, a female can choose to lay several small eggs or a few big ones. The hypotheses tested were that 1) egg size should increase with the parental care, and 2) investment in the first clutch (duration of parental care and clutch mass) should affect future reproductive investment and the probability of laying a second clutch. In a laboratory study, females of the smallest species (E. grisea) had the largest clutches with many (absolutely and relatively) small eggs, and females of this species also cared for their offspring for the longest period. E. ferrugata females had the largest eggs and the shortest time of care, and it was the only species where some females laid a second clutch after a normal care period. The reproductive investment and duration of parental care in E. fieberi was intermediate to that observed in the other two species. In contrast to the general pattern among invertebrates and other ectotherms with parental care, the species with largest eggs exhibited parental care for the shortest time. Among Elasmucha, species laying many small eggs with a long time of care may involve a partial shift from iteroparity to semelparity.
机译：三种Elasmucha物种（E. grisea，E。fieberi和E. ferrugata）的雌性通过站直直到它们成为幼虫来保护其后代。后期幼虫被抛弃。雌性大小限制了可以有效防御的区域。在进行特定的生殖投资时，雌性可以选择产下几个小卵或几个大卵。检验的假设是：1）鸡蛋的大小应随着父母的照料而增加，以及2）对第一个离合器的投资（父母照护的持续时间和离合器质量）应影响未来的生殖投资和产下第二个离合器的可能性。在一项实验室研究中，最小种类（E. grisea）的雌性拥有最多（绝对和相对）小卵的卵，而该种雌性也对它们的后代照顾得最长。 Ferrugata E. ferrugata雌性卵最大，照管时间最短，这是一些雌性在正常照管期后第二次抓紧卵的唯一物种。费氏肠埃希氏菌的生殖投资和父母照护的时间比其他两个物种的中等。与无脊椎动物和其他具有父母关怀的等温线的一般模式相反，卵最大的物种在最短时间内表现出了父母关怀。在埃拉斯穆查（Elasmucha）中，长时间照料许多小卵的物种可能涉及从等胚性向成卵性的部分转变。

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