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首页> 外文期刊>Oikos: A Journal of Ecology >Flight endurance and heating rate vary with both latitude and habitat connectivity in a butterfly species
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Flight endurance and heating rate vary with both latitude and habitat connectivity in a butterfly species

机译：飞行的耐力和升温速率随蝴蝶物种的纬度和栖息地连通性而变化

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摘要

Environmental factors at both macro-ecological and landscape scales are likely to affect (meta) population dynamics and species distributions, through direct or indirect effects on individual phenotypes. Although disentangling these scale effects is of prime importance in evolutionary ecology and conservation biology, most studies dealing with the links between phenotype and the environment have mainly focused on the landscape scale, and none has addressed the interactions between effects at both scales. In ectotherms, movement abilities are strongly dependent upon thermoregulation abilities, and thus likely vary with latitude. Moreover, in such species, movement is also highly dependent upon landscape geometry at the landscape scale. Here, we quantified the combined effects of latitude and habitat fragmentation on movement ability in relation with thermoregulation abilities in the butterfly Pieris brassicae as model for understanding the relative contributions of macro-ecological and landscape scale effects on species' mobility. We sampled individuals at an early developmental stage (eggs or caterpillars), in natural populations from 27 sites with different degrees of habitat connectivity, along a latitudinal gradient across France and Belgium. Adult flight and heating rate were measured in laboratory controlled conditions and were used as proxies for movement ability and thermoregulation ability, respectively. We found that flight endurance for both sexes and female heating rate increased with latitude. Habitat connectivity had a sex-dependent effect on both traits: flight endurance in males increased with decreasing habitat connectivity, while the opposite was found in females. Moreover, heating rate increased with increasing habitat connectivity, the effect being stronger in males. Overall, our results highlight the need to integrate intraspecific variation in movement ability at different spatial scales when studying species' responses to global environmental change.
机译：宏观生态和景观尺度上的环境因素都可能通过对单个表型的直接或间接影响而影响（元）种群动态和物种分布。尽管解开这些尺度效应在进化生态学和保护生物学中至关重要，但是大多数处理表型与环境之间联系的研究主要集中在景观尺度上，而没有一个研究涉及这两个尺度之间的相互作用。在等温线中，运动能力强烈依赖于体温调节能力，因此可能随纬度而变化。此外，在这种物种中，运动在很大程度上还取决于景观尺度上的景观几何形状。在这里，我们量化了纬度和生境破碎化对蝴蝶皮菜的运动能力与温度调节能力的综合影响，以此作为模型来理解宏观生态和景观尺度效应对物种迁移的相对贡献。我们在早期发育阶段（卵或毛虫）对来自27个地点的自然种群进行了抽样采样，这些地点具有不同程度的栖息地连通性，分布在法国和比利时的纬度梯度上。在实验室控制的条件下测量成人的飞行和升温速率，分别用作运动能力和体温调节能力的代理。我们发现，性别和女性加热率的飞行耐力都随着纬度的增加而增加。栖息地的连通性对两个性状都有性别依赖性：雄性的飞行耐力随着栖息地连通性的降低而增加，而雌性则相反。此外，加热速率随着栖息地连通性的增加而增加，对男性的影响更强。总体而言，我们的结果强调了在研究物种对全球环境变化的响应时，需要整合不同空间尺度上的种内运动能力差异。

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