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首页> 外文期刊>Oikos: A Journal of Ecology >Shifts in the height-related competitiveness of tree species following recent climate warming and implications for tree community composition: the case of common beech and sessile oak as predominant broadleaved species in Europe.
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Shifts in the height-related competitiveness of tree species following recent climate warming and implications for tree community composition: the case of common beech and sessile oak as predominant broadleaved species in Europe.

机译：在最近的气候变暖及其对树木群落组成的影响之后，与树种高度相关的竞争力发生了变化：以欧洲常见的山毛榉和无柄橡树为例。

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摘要

Height growth is a trait that contributes to tree species fitness. How height growth responds to environmental changes may therefore provide indications on species ability to compete and maintain, and on changes in tree community composition. Common beech Fagus sylvatica and sessile oak Quercus petraea are the predominant late-successional broadleaved species in Europe, and they differ in their shade-tolerance. On common beech (a shade tolerant species), recent observations across Europe have shown a growth decline during recent climate warming. Because sessile oak is a warmth- and light-demanding species, we therefore hypothesised that it may gain in competitiveness relative to common beech. We conducted analyses of historical height growth in several regions spanning the distributional range of the two species across a temperate-continental gradient in France. Common beech and sessile oak were sampled in two and four regions, respectively, and were compared in two neighbouring regions. We documented the climatic and nutritional conditions of regional samples. Height growth of 408 trees of various ages was reconstituted from stem analyses. We estimated 20th-century regional chronologies of height growth using a statistical modelling approach that filtered out the effects of ontogeny and site fertility. In regions where both species were sampled, modelled height trajectories were compared at different periods over the 20th century. Growth chronologies revealed (1) long-term growth rate increases of a magnitude of 50-100% over 100 years in both species, more acute in the continental domain, (2) recurrent historical inversions in growth fluctuations between species, (3) a recent divergence, with growth decline in common beech versus a dramatic growth increase in sessile oak, more acute in colder regions. The analysis of height trajectories indicated a recent reduction in common beech competitiveness relative to sessile oak. In the face of future climate warming, we conclude that increased prevalence of beech-oak mixtures may arise.
机译：身高增长是有助于树种适应的特征。因此，身高增长对环境变化的反应可能为物种竞争和维持能力以及树木群落组成的变化提供指示。常见的山毛榉西格纳斯迷迭香（Fagus sylvatica）和无梗栎 Quercus petraea 是欧洲主要的晚成功阔叶树种，其耐荫性不同。在欧洲常见的山毛榉（耐荫树种）上，最近的观察表明，在最近的气候变暖期间，其生长下降。由于无柄橡树是一种对温暖和轻度要求高的树种，因此我们假设其相对于普通山毛榉木可能具有竞争力。我们在法国的温带-大陆梯度范围内，对跨越两个物种分布范围的几个区域的历史高度增长进行了分析。普通山毛榉和无梗橡木分别在两个和四个区域取样，并在两个相邻区域进行比较。我们记录了区域样本的气候和营养状况。通过茎分析重建了408棵不同年龄的树木的高度。我们使用统计模型方法估算了20世纪区域高度增长的时间顺序，该方法过滤掉了个体发育和站点生育的影响。在两个物种都被采样的地区，在20世纪的不同时期对模拟的高度轨迹进行了比较。生长时间显示（1）两种物种在100年内的长期增长率都在50-100％的幅度内增长，在大陆范围内更为严重;（2）物种间生长波动的周期性历史反转，（3）a最近的分歧，普通山毛榉的生长下降，而无梗橡木的生长显着增加，在较冷的地区更为严重。高度轨迹的分析表明，与无梗橡木相比，近期榉木的竞争力有所下降。面对未来的气候变暖，我们得出结论，山毛榉-橡木混合物的流行可能会增加。

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