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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Conservation >Limited erosion of genetic and species diversity from small forest patches: Sacred forest groves in an Afrotropical biodiversity hotspot have high conservation value for butterflies
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Limited erosion of genetic and species diversity from small forest patches: Sacred forest groves in an Afrotropical biodiversity hotspot have high conservation value for butterflies

机译：小片森林对遗传和物种多样性的侵蚀有限：在非洲生物多样性热点地区的神圣森林对蝴蝶具有很高的保护价值

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Sacred forest groves are often located in some of the world's hottest hotspots of biodiversity, and consequently have high potential conservation value. Recent efforts to quantify their value have focused nearly exclusively on a single component of diversity, species diversity within communities, which may or may not be an effective proxy for a second fundamental component of diversity, genetic diversity within populations. We studied fruit feeding butterfly communities to simultaneously assess to what extent five small sacred groves have retained the level of species and genetic diversity found in two much larger forest reserves. We additionally evaluate whether measures correlate across habitat fragments to investigate how closely these two components of diversity mirror each other. We quantified the diversity and composition of the fruit-feeding butterfly communities at each site and also the haplotype diversity within three specific species that differ with respect to their sensitivity to habitat fragmentation. Of the multiple measures of species and genetic diversity computed, only rarefied species richness was correlated with forest fragment size and even in this case the relationship was weak. Importantly, the limited decline in species richness documented in the sacred groves was not due to species replacements, whereby common, broadly distributed, generalists supplanted more vulnerable species in these communities. Although similar processes are known to drive declines in both species and gene diversity, we found only limited evidence of positive species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs), and only in the species most sensitive to fragmentation. Thus, a conservation strategy that emphasizes species complementarity or richness may be ineffective at capturing other critical levels of biodiversity. Overall, our findings demonstrate that even very small forest patches can have a conservation value that rivals that of much larger forest reserves. The implementation of official national and international initiatives that preserve and strengthen existing community-based conservation practices is critically needed to ensure that indigenous conservation areas persist into the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：神圣的树林通常位于世界上生物多样性最热的地区，因此具有很高的潜在保护价值。最近量化其价值的努力几乎全部集中在社区内多样性，物种多样性的单个组成部分上，这可能或可能不能有效地替代人口内遗传多样性的第二个基本组成部分。我们研究了以水果为食的蝴蝶群落，同时评估了五个小型的神圣小树林保留了两个更大的森林保护区中的物种和遗传多样性的程度。我们还评估了跨生境片段的度量是否相关，以调查多样性的这两个组成部分之间的相互反映。我们量化了每个站点上以水果为食的蝴蝶群落的多样性和组成，还定量了三个特定物种内的单倍型多样性，这些物种对生境破碎的敏感性不同。在计算的物种和遗传多样性的多种指标中，只有稀有物种的丰富度与森林碎片大小相关，即使在这种情况下，这种关系也很弱。重要的是，在神圣的树林中记载的物种丰富度有限的下降并不是由于物种的替代，因此，普通的，分布广泛的通才主义者取代了这些社区中的更多脆弱物种。尽管已知类似的过程会导致物种和基因多样性的下降，但我们仅发现了有限的正向物种-遗传多样性相关性（SGDCs）证据，并且仅发现了对碎片最敏感的物种。因此，强调物种互补性或丰富性的保护策略可能无法有效捕获生物多样性的其他关键水平。总体而言，我们的发现表明，即使是很小的森林斑块，其保护价值也可以与更大的森林储备相媲美。迫切需要执行旨在维护和加强现有的基于社区的保护措​​施的官方国家和国际举措，以确保土著保护区在未来持续存在。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

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