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The diverse functions of GAPDH: Views from different subcellular compartments

机译：GAPDH的各种功能：来自不同亚细胞区室的视野

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摘要

Multiple roles for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) have been recently appreciated. In addition to the cytoplasm where the majority of GAPDH is located under the basal condition, GAPDH is also found in the particulate fractions, such as the nucleus, the mitochondria, and the small vesicular fractions. When cells are exposed to various stressors, dynamic subcellular re-distribution of GAPDH occurs. Here we review these multifunctional properties of GAPDH, especially linking them to its oligomerization, posttranslational modification, and subcellular localization. This includes mechanistic descriptions of how S-nitrosylation of GAPDH under oxidative stress may lead to cell death/dysfunction via nuclear translocation of GAPDH, which is counteracted by a cytosolic GOSPEL. GAPDH is also involved in various diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Therapeutic strategies to these conditions based on molecular understanding of GAPDH are discussed.
机译：最近已认识到甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）的多种作用。除了大部分GAPDH在基础条件下位于的细胞质外，GAPDH还存在于颗粒级分中，例如核，线粒体和小水泡级分。当细胞暴露于各种压力下时，会发生GAPDH的动态亚细胞再分布。在这里，我们回顾了GAPDH的这些多功能特性，尤其是将它们与其寡聚化，翻译后修饰和亚细胞定位联系起来。这包括关于在氧化应激下GAPDH的S-亚硝基化如何通过GAPDH的核易位而导致细胞死亡/功能障碍的机制描述，而GAPDH则被胞质GOSPEL抵消。 GAPDH还涉及多种疾病，尤其是神经退行性疾病和癌症。讨论了基于GAPDH的分子理解对这些疾病的治疗策略。

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