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Potentially Toxic Algae in the Coastal Phytoplankton of the Northeast Black Sea in 2001-2002

机译：2001-2002年东北黑海沿海浮游植物中潜在的有毒藻类

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During the period from June 2000 to April 2002,phytoplankton monitoring was carried out at three stations located on the Black Sea shore of the Caucasus.In the coastal phytoplankton of the Northeast Black Sea,93 species belonging to 7 classes were found.Thirteen species from this list are known as toxic according to data obtained in other seas.Two species of diatoms,namely,Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima and P.pungens(their abundance in June 2001 was 693 x 10~3 cells/1)were identified.They are capable of causing amnesic shellfish poisoning;the manifestation of their toxic properties depends on the environmental conditions.A check of the corresponding mussel samples for the content of amnesic toxin such as domoic acid gave a negative result.In the summer of 2001,in the Black Sea,a dinoflagellate belonging to the Alexandrium genus was encountered for the first time.Many species of this genus can be a reason for the lethally dangerous paralytic shellfish poisoning.In February of 2002,hatching of cysts and a population outburst of Alexandrium spp.(4.5 x 10~3 cells/1)were observed.During the period from April to November,in the phytoplankton,species belonging to the Dinophysis genus,namely,D.rotundata,D.caudata,D.acuminata,D.hastata,D.fortii,D.norvegica,D.tripos,and D.sacculus(up to 3 x 10~3 cells/1),occurred during the period of the spring phytoplankton bloom.They are all known to be producers of toxins causing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.The epiphytic dinophlagellate Prorocentrum lima was intermittently present in the samples collected during the period from May to November(the maximum abundance in September of 2001 was 400 cells/1).It was introduced into a laboratory culture and produced diarrhetic toxins,namely,okadaic acid and Dinophysis-toxin 1.P.lima is dangerous because it grows on macroalgae fouling mussels and oysters,including those in commercial mari-culture.All the samples of mussel tissues taken in the summer of 2001 contained diarrhetic toxins that most likely originated from P.lima.The toxin concentrations in the mussels did not exceed 0.2 mug/g of tissue and were lower than the maximum permissible concentration accepted in the European Community and Canada.The mixotrophic ichthyotoxic dinophlagellate Cochlodiniumpolykrikoides,which was first encountered off the Russian coast,featured a bloom in the area off Utrish in August of 2001(the maximum abundance was up to 70 x 10~3 cells/1;the biomass was up to 620 mug/l)and should be considered as a risk-factor for the caged fish aquaculture in the Black Sea.
机译：在2000年6月至2002年4月期间，在高加索黑海沿岸的三个站进行了浮游植物监测，在东北黑海的沿海浮游植物中发现了93种，属于7类，来自13种根据其他海域获得的数据，该清单被称为有毒物质。确定了两种硅藻，即拟南芥假单胞菌和P.pungens（它们在2001年6月的丰度为693 x 10〜3个细胞/ 1）。能够引起失忆性贝类中毒;其毒性表现取决于环境条件。对相应的贻贝样品中的藻酸等毒素进行检测，结果是阴性。2001年夏天，在布莱克第一次遇到亚历山大藻属的鞭毛藻。该属的许多物种可能是致死性致命性麻痹性贝类中毒的原因。2002年2月观察到囊肿的孵化和亚历山大藻的种群爆发（4.5 x 10〜3个细胞/ 1）。在4月至11月的浮游植物中，属于Dinophysis属的物种，即D.rotundata，春季浮游植物盛开期间发生的金龙，菊科，哈达斯塔，福吉特，诺韦卡，D.tripos和球囊（最多3 x 10〜3个细胞/ 1）它们都是导致腹泻性贝类中毒的毒素的产生者.5月至11月间断采集的样品中间歇性存在附生的硬鳞蝶原螯虾（2001年9月的最大丰度为400个细胞/ 1）。被引入实验室培养并产生腹泻性毒素，即冈田酸和Dinophysis-毒素1.P.lima是危险的，因为它生长在污染大型贻贝和牡蛎的牡蛎上，包括商业海水养殖中的牡蛎。在2001年夏季服用的腹泻毒素贻贝中的毒素浓度不超过0.2杯/克组织，并且低于欧洲共同体和加拿大所接受的最大允许浓度。混合营养型鱼眼毒素二甲壳素Cochlodiniumpolykrikoides首次被发现俄罗斯海岸，于2001年8月在乌特里什（Utrish）附近地区盛放（最大丰度可达70 x 10〜3个细胞/ 1;生物量高达620杯/升），应被视为具有以下风险：黑海网箱养鱼的主要因素。

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