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Group 11 Metal Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Nature of the Metal-carbene Bond

机译:N-杂环碳原子配体的第11组金属络合物:金属碳烯键的性质

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The silver complex of the tripodal N-heterocyclic carbene ligand TIME~(Me), [(TIME~(Me))_2Ag_3]-(PF_6)_3 (3), reacts with copper(I) bromide and (dimethyl sulfide)gold(I) chloride to yield the correspondingly-symmetrical copper(I) and gold(I) complexes [(TIME~(Me))_2Cu_3](PF_6)_3 (4) and [(TIME~(Me))_2Au_3](PF_6)_3 (5). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic, and computational studies of this series of metal NHC complexes are described. The group 11 metal complexes of the TIME~(Me) ligand exhibit isostructural geometries, with three metal ions bridging two of the TIME~(Me) ligands. Each metal ion is linearly coordinated to two carbene centers, with each of the carbenoid carbons stemming from a different ligand. Overall, the molecules possess D_3 symmetry. The electronic structure of these newly synthesized compounds was elucidated with the aid of DFT calculations. In contrast to the common assumption that NHCs are pure sigma-donor ligands, our calculations reveal the existence of both sigma- and pi-type interactions between the metal ions and the carbenoid carbons. A study of the closely related D_(2d)-symmetrical species Pd(CN_2Bu~t_2C_2H_2)_2 (6) and the simplified D_(2h)-symmetrical model complexes M(IM~(Me)C:)_2 (8-10; M = Ag, Cu, Au) allowed for quantitative comparison of the two different types of bonding interactions. It was found that pi-back-bonding interactions in these diaminocarbene model species contribute to approximately 15-30% of the complexes' overall orbital interaction energies.
机译:三脚架N杂环卡宾配体TIME〜(Me)的银络合物[[TIME〜(Me))_ 2Ag_3]-(PF_6)_3(3)与溴化铜(I)和(二甲基硫)金反应( I)氯化物生成相应对称的铜(I)和金(I)络合物[(TIME〜(Me))_ 2Cu_3](PF_6)_3(4)和[(TIME〜(Me))_ 2Au_3](PF_6) _3(5)。描述了该系列金属NHC配合物的单晶X射线衍射,光谱学和计算研究。 TIME〜(Me)配体的第11组金属配合物表现出同构的几何结构,其中三个金属离子桥接两个TIME〜(Me)配体。每个金属离子与两个卡宾中心线性配位,每个类胡萝卜素碳均来自不同的配体。总体而言,分子具有D_3对称性。这些新合成的化合物的电子结构借助DFT计算得以阐明。与NHC是纯sigma-donor配体的通常假设相反,我们的计算揭示了金属离子与类胡萝卜素碳之间同时存在sigma和pi型相互作用。 D_(2d)-对称物种Pd(CN_2Bu〜t_2C_2H_2)_2(6)和简化的D_(2h)-对称模型复合物M(IM〜(Me)C:)_ 2(8-10; M = Ag,Cu,Au)可以定量比较两种不同类型的键合相互作用。已经发现,在这些二氨基碳烯模型物质中的pi背键相互作用占配合物总体轨道相互作用能的约15-30%。

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