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A journey from 12-vertex to 14-vertex carboranes and to 15-vertex metallacarboranes

机译:从12顶点到14顶点碳硼烷和15顶点金属碳硼烷的旅程

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Icosahedral o-carboranes are readily reduced by group 1 metals to give "carbon atoms apart" (CAp) nido-carborane dianions that can be further reduced to the corresponding arachno-carborane tetraanions with the assistance of transition-metal ions. The geometries of the arachno species are dependent upon the electronic configurations of transition-metal ions. In contrast, "carbon atoms adjacent" (CAd) nido-carborane dianions can react with lithium metal, in the absence of any transition-metal ions, to produce CAd arachno-carborane tetraanions having a significantly different structure from their CAp counterparts. These CAd nido- and arachno-carborane anions possess a reducing power weaker than that of the CAp isomers, which can facilitate the capitation reactions of these anions with boron dihalides. This important discovery provides a very valuable entry point to the synthesis of 13- and 14-vertex carboranes. Subsequently, the largest heteroborane, 15-vertex metallacarborane, has been prepared. These studies open up new possibilities for the development of polyhedral clusters of extraordinary size. This review offers an overview of recent advances in this growing research field.
机译:二十面体的邻碳氢化合物很容易被第1组金属还原,以产生“碳原子分开”(CAp)的氮碳烷二价阴离子,可以借助过渡金属离子将其进一步还原为相应的花生四烯碳四阴离子。蛛形生物的几何形状取决于过渡金属离子的电子构型。相反,在不存在任何过渡金属离子的情况下,“相邻的碳原子”(CAd)氨基碳烷二价阴离子可以与锂金属反应,以生成结构与CAp对应物明显不同的CAd蛛网碳烷四阴离子。这些CAd氨基-和芳族-碳硼烷阴离子的还原能力比CAp异构体的还原能力弱,这可以促进这些阴离子与二卤化硼的键合反应。这一重要发现为13和14顶点碳硼烷的合成提供了非常有价值的切入点。随后,制备了最大的杂硼烷,即15-顶点金属碳硼烷。这些研究为发展非同寻常的多面体簇开辟了新的可能性。这篇综述概述了这个不断发展的研究领域的最新进展。

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