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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Conservation >Saiga antelope calving site selection is increasingly driven by human disturbance
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Saiga antelope calving site selection is increasingly driven by human disturbance

机译：赛加羚羊产犊地点的选择越来越受到人为干扰的驱动

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摘要

Many terrestrial mammalian species aggregate to give birth. Such aggregations are likely to be a response to changing resource and water availability, for predator swamping and avoidance of disturbance. The critically endangered saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) is one such species. We analysed spatio-temporal locations of saiga calving aggregations in Kazakhstan over the last four decades obtained from aerial and ground surveys, to identify the factors determining the selection of calving sites within the species' range as well as any changes in these locations over time. Generalized mixed models were employed in a use - availability framework to assess the factors distinguishing calving from random sites and predict suitable areas for calving. Saigas selected sites, with lower than average productivity and low year to year variability in productivity, at an intermediate distance from water sources, and away from human settlements. A significant change in calving locations was observed during the last decade, with calving areas occurring further north and further away from settlements than previously. The results demonstrate that the choice of calving areas is largely driven by environmental factors. However, disturbance also has a significant impact on calving site selection and in recent decades, its influence overrides that of environmental factors. This increase in the influence of disturbance coincides with a precipitous decline in saiga numbers due to poaching, as well as substantial reductions in the intensity of land use for livestock grazing following the breakup of the Soviet Union. Predictive models based on such studies can improve species conservation by guiding the stratification of sampling for effective monitoring and deployment of rangers to protect the females at this critical time.
机译：许多陆生哺乳动物物种聚集而生。这种聚集很可能是对不断变化的资源和水供应的反应，以便捕食者陷入沼泽并避免干扰。极度濒危的赛加羚羊（Saiga tatarica）就是其中一种。我们分析了过去40年从空中和地面调查获得的哈萨克斯坦赛加羚羊产犊聚集体的时空位置，以找出决定物种范围内产犊地点选择的因素以及这些地点随时间的任何变化。在使用－可用性框架中使用广义混合模型来评估区分产犊与随机部位的因素，并预测产犊的合适区域。赛加羚羊选择的地点的生产力低于平均水平，且生产力之间的波动性较低，并且距水源和人类住区的距离中等。在过去十年中，观察到产犊地点发生了重大变化，产犊区域发生在更北的地方，比以前更远离定居点。结果表明，产犊区的选择主要受环境因素的影响。但是，干扰对产犊地点的选择也有重大影响，并且在最近几十年中，其影响已超过环境因素。干扰影响的增加与偷猎造成的赛加羚羊数量急剧下降，以及苏联解体后用于放牧牲畜的土地使用强度的大幅度下降相吻合。基于此类研究的预测模型可以通过指导抽样分层来有效监视和部署护林员，以保护这一关键时刻的雌性，从而改善物种保护。

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