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The chondrocyte primary cilium

机译：软骨细胞初级纤毛

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摘要

The presence and role of primary, or non-motile, cilia on chondrocytes has confused cartilage researchers for decades. Initial explanations attributed a vestigial nature to chondrocyte cilia. Evidence is now emerging that supports the role of the chondrocyte primary cilium as a sensory organelle, in particular, in mechanotransduction and as a compartment for signaling pathways. Early electron microscopy images depicted bent cilia aligned with the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a manner that suggested a response to mechanical forces. Molecules known to be mechanotransducers in other cell types, including integrins and proteoglycans, are present on chondrocyte cilia. Further, chondrocytes which lack cilia fail to respond to mechanical forces in the same manner that chondrocytes with intact cilia respond. From a clinical perspective, chondrocytes from osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage have cilia with different characteristics than cilia found on chondrocytes from healthy cartilage. Objective: This review examines the evidence supporting the function of chondrocyte cilia and briefly speculates on the involvement of intraflagellar transport (IFT) in the signaling pathway of mechanotransduction through the cilium. Conclusions: Emerging evidence suggests cilia may be a promising target for preventing and treating OA.
机译：软骨细胞上原发性或非活动性纤毛的存在和作用使软骨研究人员困惑了数十年。最初的解释是软骨细胞纤毛具有残留的性质。现在有证据支持软骨细胞初级纤毛作为感觉细胞器的作用，特别是在机械转导中以及作为信号传导通路的部分。早期的电子显微镜图像显示弯曲的纤毛与细胞外基质（ECM）对齐，暗示对机械力有反应。已知在软骨细胞纤毛上存在其他类型的机械转导分子，包括整合素和蛋白聚糖。此外，缺乏纤毛的软骨细胞不能以与具有完整纤毛的软骨细胞响应相同的方式对机械力做出响应。从临床角度来看，来自骨关节炎（OA）软骨的软骨细胞的纤毛与健康软骨细胞的纤毛具有不同的特征。目的：本综述审查了支持软骨细胞纤毛功能的证据，并简要推测鞭毛内转运（IFT）参与了通过纤毛的机械转导信号通路。结论：新兴证据表明，纤毛可能是预防和治疗OA的有希望的靶标。

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