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Movement ecology of five Afrotropical waterfowl species from Malawi, Mali and Nigeria

机译：马拉维，马里和尼日利亚的5种亚热带水禽的运动生态

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摘要

Habitat availability for Afrotropical waterbirds is highly dynamic with unpredictable rainfall patterns and ephemeral wetlands resulting in diverse movement strategies among different species. Movement strategies among waterfowl encompass resident, regional and intercontinental migrants, but little quantitative information exists on their specific movement patterns. We studied the movement ecology of five Afrotropical waterfowl species marked with satellite transmitters in Malawi, Mali and Nigeria. Resident species, including White-faced Whistling Ducks Dendrocygna viduata, Fulvous Whistling Ducks Dendrocygna bicolor and Spur-winged Geese Plectropterus gambensis, remained sedentary during the rainy season and only flew limited distances during other months. In contrast, Knob-billed Ducks Sarkidiornis melanotos made short regional movements >50 km in all months and showed little site fidelity to previously used habitats in subsequent years. Garganey Anas quequedula followed an intercontinental strategy and made long-distance jumps across the Sahara and Mediterranean to their Eurasian breeding grounds. Most species flew farthest during the dry season, as mean daily movements varied from 1.5 to 14.2 km and was greatest in the winter months (January-March). Total distance moved varied from 9.5 km for White-faced Whistling Ducks (October-December) to 45.6 km for Knob-billed Ducks (April-June). Nomadic behaviour by Knob-billed Ducks was evidenced by long exploratory flights, but small mean daily movements suggested that they were relying on previous experience. Improving our understanding of these movement strategies increases our ability to assess connectivity of wetland resources that support waterfowl throughout their annual cycle and focuses conservation efforts on their most important habitats.
机译：亚热带水鸟的生境可用性高度动态，降雨模式和临时湿地变化莫测，导致不同物种之间的移动策略多种多样。水禽之间的迁移策略包括居民，区域和洲际移民，但是关于其具体迁移方式的定量信息很少。我们在马拉维，马里和尼日利亚研究了五种标有卫星发射器的非水生水禽的运动生态学。常住的物种，包括白面吹哨的小鸭Dendrocygna viduata，双色吹哨的小鸭Dendrocygna，淡色带翅鹅雁Plectropterus gambensis，在雨季一直是定居的，在其他月份只飞了很短的距离。相比之下，旋钮开嘴的鸭子Sarkidiornis melanotos在所有月份中都进行了短于50 km的区域运动，并且在随后的几年中对先前使用的栖息地几乎没有保真度。 Garganey Anas quequedula遵循洲际策略，远距离穿越撒哈拉沙漠和地中海到达欧亚繁殖地。大多数物种在旱季飞行最远，平均每日运动范围从1.5到14.2 km，在冬季月份（1-3月）最大。总距离从白面哨子鸭子的9.5公里（10月至12月）到旋钮开嘴鸭子的鸟（4月至6月）的45.6公里不等。长时间的探索性飞行证明了旋钮式鸭子的游牧行为，但平均每日小幅移动表明它们依赖以前的经验。增进对这些运动策略的理解，可以提高我们评估支持水禽的湿地资源在其整个年度周期中的连通性的能力，并将保护工作重点放在其最重要的栖息地上。

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