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首页> 外文期刊>Cellular and molecular life sciences: CMLS >The evolution of X chromosome inactivation in mammals: the demise of Ohno’s hypothesis?
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The evolution of X chromosome inactivation in mammals: the demise of Ohno’s hypothesis?

机译:哺乳动物X染色体失活的进化:大野假说的消亡?

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摘要

Ohno’s hypothesis states that dosage compensation in mammals evolved in two steps: a twofold hyperactivation of the X chromosome in both sexes to compensate for gene losses on the Y chromosome, and silencing of one X (X-chromosome inactivation, XCI) in females to restore optimal dosage. Recent tests of this hypothesis have returned contradictory results. In this review, we explain this ongoing controversy and argue that a novel view on dosage compensation evolution in mammals is starting to emerge. Ohno’s hypothesis may be true for a few, dosagesensitive genes only. If so few genes are compensated, then why has XCI evolved as a chromosome-wide mechanism? This and several other questions raised by the new data in mammals are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
机译:Ohno的假设指出,哺乳动物的剂量补偿过程分为两个步骤:男女X染色体的双重过度激活以补偿Y染色体上的基因损失;雌性使一个X沉默(X染色体失活,XCI)以恢复原状。最佳剂量。最近对该假设的检验返回了矛盾的结果。在这篇综述中,我们解释了这一持续存在的争议,并认为关于哺乳动物剂量补偿进化的新观点开始出现。 Ohno的假设可能仅适用于少数几个剂量敏感的基因。如果只有很少的基因得到补偿,那么为什么XCI进化为全染色体机制?讨论了哺乳动物新数据提出的这个问题和其他几个问题,并提出了未来的研究方向。

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