The term Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) encompasses a growing list of thermoset composite manufacturing processes, including Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), Injection/Compression Molding (I/CM), and the Seeman Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP). Significant forces are generated within LCM moulds due to the required compaction of the preform, and the internal resin pressure generated during filling. Prediction of the local force exerted on the tool is necessary if moulds are to be efficiently designed, and the required clamping force calculated. A one-dimensional consolidation model has been applied to predict filling and evolution of tooling forces for the RTM and I/CM processes in a simple geometry. This approach requires accurate knowledge of preform permeability as a function of fiber volume fraction, and a good model for the compression deformation response of the preform. An experimental study has been completed, monitoring total clamping force during RTM and I/CM filling. The consolidation model is verified against this experimental data. This study has demonstrated the complex time dependent nature of the 'mould clamping force, which is affected strongly by the viscoelastic compression behavior of the preforms used.
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