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Employing pedestrian observations in engineering analysis

机译：在工程分析中采用行人观察

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摘要

Simulation tools are often used to establish pedestrian and evacuee performance. The accuracy and reliability of such tools are dependent upon their ability to qualitatively and quantitatively capture the outcome of this performance; i.e. whether the simulated agents perform the expected acts and take the expected amount of time to complete them. This article investigates the relationship between simulating individual agent actions and generating reliable emergent conditions (e.g. congestion). Once this relationship is established for a particular tool, it can then be used to investigate the conditions that may emerge in certain scenarios and mitigate against them. This article presents a simple framework for categorising real-world observations and then translating these observations into the simulated environment extracting key information from the data collected to configure the simulation tool as required. The article addresses the qualitative benefits of representing individual-level actions, and, to a lesser degree, the quantitative benefits, although this effort is limited given the nature of the data. It tests this relationship using observations made at the Hajj, specifically the Sa'ee where large numbers of pilgrims perform religious rites in concert. Several scenarios are simulated using the buildingEXODUS model, enabling the importance of individual-level behaviours upon emergent conditions to be investigated, even when simulating relatively large crowds of up to 15,000 people.
机译：仿真工具通常用于建立行人和疏散人员的表现。此类工具的准确性和可靠性取决于它们定性和定量地捕获此性能结果的能力;即模拟的特工是否执行了预期的行为并花费了预期的时间来完成它们。本文研究了模拟单个代理动作与生成可靠的紧急情况（例如拥塞）之间的关系。一旦为特定工具建立了这种关系，就可以将其用于调查某些情况下可能出现的情况并缓解这些情况。本文提供了一个简单的框架，用于对现实世界的观察进行分类，然后将这些观察转换为模拟环境，从而从收集的数据中提取关键信息，以根据需要配置模拟工具。本文讨论了代表个人级别的行为的质性收益，而在较小程度上涉及了量化收益，尽管鉴于数据的性质，这种努力是有限的。它使用朝Ha，特别是萨伊人那里的观察来检验这种关系，那里有许多朝圣者共同参加宗教仪式。使用buildingEXODUS模型模拟了几种情况，即使在模拟多达15,000人的相对较大的人群时，也可以研究紧急情况下个人行为的重要性。

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