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The combined effect of vehicle frontal design, speed reduction, autonomous emergency braking and helmet use in reducing real life bicycle injuries

机译：车辆前部设计，减速，自动紧急制动和头盔使用的组合效果可减少现实生活中的自行车伤害

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Vulnerable road users as bicyclists and pedestrians account for a significant share of fatalities and serious injuries in the road transport system. Traditionally, the protection for bicyclists has been addressed by speed management and separating vulnerable road users from motorized traffic. Also, the use of bicycle helmet has been prompted and regulated in some countries. Pedestrian protection by improving the car fontal design has been around since the late 1990s and has proven to be effective in reducing injury risk on pedestrians (Strandroth et al., 2011) as well as on bicyclists (Strandroth et al., 2014). Pedestrian detection with Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) has also been introduced on the market to prevent and mitigate pedestrian and bicyclist injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the different interventions promoting safety for vulnerable road users, and an additional purpose was to look at the combined effect of the interventions. Swedish emergency hospital reports from approximately 2000 bicyclists and 1200 pedestrians between Jan 1st 2003 and March 2014 were included in the study. Hospital reports including injury diagnosis were combined with police data and the vehicle registry in order to obtain detailed vehicle information. Euro NCAP pedestrian test score, speed limit restriction and helmet use was correlated with real-life pedestrian and bicyclist injuries. The results showed that on pedestrians, large injury reductions were found comparing low scoring cars (1-9 p) in the Euro NCAP pedestrian test to high scoring cars (>18 p). Also for bicyclists significant injury reductions were found. Focusing on bicyclist's injury level, large reductions were found on all body regions, with the highest reduction on head injuries. The effect of speed limit restriction showed few statistically significant results, although across both pedestrian and bicyclist injuries the trends showed overall small but positive effects. The effect of helmet use on bicyclist injuries was investigated both on individual level and on head injury level. Helmet showed to significantly reduce the risk of head injuries. However, on individual level, the results were quiet conflicting, and only on mRPMI10+ level a positive and statistically significant reduction was found. The calculated combined effect of speed-reduction, helmet-use and car frontal design was 79%. Also, preliminary calculations, based on a limited number of cases, and including both bicyclists and pedestrians, showed that when adding the effect of AEB, the risk of long-term impairment decreased by more than 90%. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：骑自行车的人和行人中的弱势道路使用者在道路运输系统中的死亡和严重伤害中占很大比例。传统上，对骑自行车者的保护是通过速度管理和将易受伤害的道路使用者与机动车辆分开来解决的。另外，在某些国家，自行车头盔的使用已得到提示和管制。自1990年代末以来，人们一直在通过改善汽车的字形设计来保护行人，这种行人保护措施可有效降低行人（Strandroth等人，2011）和骑自行车者（Strandroth等人，2014）的受伤风险。市场上还引入了带有自动紧急制动（AEB）的行人检测功能，以预防和减轻行人和骑车人的伤害。这项研究的目的是评估促进脆弱道路使用者安全的不同干预措施的效果，另外一个目的是研究干预措施的综合效果。研究纳入了2003年1月1日至2014年3月之间约2000名自行车骑士和1200名行人的瑞典急诊医院报告。将包括伤害诊断在内的医院报告与警察数据和车辆登记表相结合，以获得详细的车辆信息。欧洲NCAP行人测试分数，限速限制和头盔使用与现实生活中的行人和骑自行车者受伤相关。结果表明，与欧洲NCAP行人测试中的低得分汽车（1-9 p）与高得分汽车（> 18 p）相比，行人的伤害减轻了很多。另外，对于骑自行车的人来说，可以显着减少伤害。关注骑自行车者的伤害水平，发现在所有身体部位都有大幅度的减少，头部受伤的减少最大。尽管对行人和骑自行车的人都造成了伤害，但限速的影响几乎没有统计学上的显着结果，但趋势总体上显示出很小但积极的影响。在个人水平和头部损伤水平上都研究了头盔使用对骑车人受伤的影响。头盔可显着降低头部受伤的风险。然而，在个体水平上，结果是安静的矛盾，只有在mRPMI10 +水平上，才发现阳性和统计学上显着的降低。所计算出的减速，头盔使用和汽车前部设计的综合效果为79％。此外，根据有限的案例（包括骑自行车的人和行人在内）进行的初步计算表明，加上AEB的影响，长期受损的风险降低了90％以上。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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