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首页> 外文期刊>Organic process research & development >Continuous-Flow Nitration of o-Xylene: Effect of Nitrating Agent and Feasibility of Tubular Reactors for Scale-Up
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Continuous-Flow Nitration of o-Xylene: Effect of Nitrating Agent and Feasibility of Tubular Reactors for Scale-Up

机译：邻二甲苯连续流硝化：硝化剂的影响和管状反应器扩大规模的可行性

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摘要

Continuous-flow nitration of o-xylene has been studied with different nitrating agents over a wide range of conditions for different parameters such as temperature, residence time, and concentrations. A nitrating mixture comprising sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid was seen to yield higher selectivity for the isomer 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene over the isomer 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene and also a non-negligible quantity of dinitro derivatives of o-xylene. With only fuming nitric acid as the nitrating agent, the reaction was selective for 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene over 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene. Impurities mainly come from nitration of mononitro derivatives, and this occurs more from nitration of the 3-nitro isomer because of its higher reactivity with nitric acid. An economic analysis of the continuous-flow reactor for the production of 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene at 100 and 500 kg/h in a jacketed tubular reactor showed that numbering-up is a more economical approach for higher production capacity. A combination of large- and small-sized tubes depending upon the relative rates of heat generation during a reaction will achieve more profit and a shorter payback period than having the entire reactor made of a single tube size.
机译：在不同的条件下，例如温度，停留时间和浓度，在各种条件下使用不同的硝化剂对邻二甲苯进行连续流硝化进行了研究。观察到包含硫酸和发烟硝酸的硝化混合物对异构体1,2-二甲基-3-硝基苯的选择性高于异构体1,2-二甲基-4-硝基苯，而且二硝基衍生物的量不可忽略邻二甲苯。仅用发烟硝酸作为硝化剂，该反应对1,2-二甲基-4-硝基苯的选择性高于1,2-二甲基-3-硝基苯。杂质主要来自一硝基衍生物的硝化，而更多地是由于3-硝基异构体的硝化，因为它与硝酸的反应性更高。对在夹套管式反应器中以100和500 kg / h的速度生产1,2-二甲基-4-硝基苯的连续流反应器的经济分析表明，增加编号是提高生产能力的更经济的方法。与使整个反应器由单个管子制成相比，根据反应过程中的相对热量产生率，将大号和小号管子组合起来将获得更多的收益和更短的投资回收期。

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