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首页> 外文期刊>Scientia horticulturae >Yield decline in mechanically harvested clonal tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) as influenced by changes in source/sink and radiation interception dynamics in the canopy
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Yield decline in mechanically harvested clonal tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) as influenced by changes in source/sink and radiation interception dynamics in the canopy

机译：机械采摘的克隆茶（茶树（Camellia sinensis（L）O. Kuntze））的产量下降受源/库变化和冠层辐射截留动态的影响

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High labour costs and shortages and the cost of production has resulted in tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) industries in central and southern Africa becoming unprofitable. This has led to the full mechanization of shoot harvesting, however, a reduction in yield has been observed with mechanical harvesting. It was hypothesized that the decline in yield as a result of mechanical harvesting is a result of the indiscriminate harvesting of shoots which leads to a change in sink/source and radiation interception dynamics within the canopy. As a result whole plant photosynthesis is impacted; which ultimately impacts tea bush productivity. Studies conducted at Tingamira estate, Chipinge, Zimbabwe showed significant yield differences between hand plucking and machine harvesting treatments, with higher yields under hand plucking across all seasons (43 945 kg green leaf ha(-1)) as compared to hand-held (35 114 kg green leaf ha(-1)) and ride-on machines (36 268 kg green leaf ha(-1)) (p 0.05). This reduction in yield was associated with a decrease in both the number and mass of desirable shoots over each season. The cause of this change was largely attributed to the indiscriminate removal of foliage by the machines which resulted in the proliferation of immature shoots, with an associated increase in sink strength and competition for available photo-assimilates. In addition, the depletion of the maintenance layer in mechanically harvested bushes, as indicated by reduced fractional interception of photosynthetically active radiation in the top 10 cm in these bushes and reduced photosynthetic rates in these bushes, suggests that these bushes were also source limited, as compared to hand plucked bushes. Therefore the changes in tea bush architecture, as a result of mechanical harvesting, resulted in changes in sink/source dynamics which led to a proliferation of immature shoots which competed for limited photo-assimilates. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：高人工成本和短缺以及生产成本导致非洲中部和南部的茶产业（Camellia sinensis（L）O. Kuntze）失去了利润。这导致了芽收割的完全机械化，但是，通过机械收割观察到单产下降。据推测，由于机械收割而导致的单产的下降是不加选择地收获新芽的结果，这导致了树冠内的汇/源和辐射截留动态的变化。结果，整个植物的光合作用受到影响。最终影响茶树的生产力。在津巴布韦奇平格的Tingamira庄园进行的研究表明，手工采摘和机械收割处理之间的单产之间存在显着差异，与手持采摘相比，全季手工采摘下的单产更高（43 945千克绿叶ha（-1））。 114公斤绿叶ha（-1））和乘骑式机器（36268公斤绿叶ha（-1））（p <0.05）。产量的下降与每个季节所需芽的数量和质量均下降有关。造成这种变化的原因很大程度上归因于机器不加选择地去除了树叶，导致未成熟芽的繁殖，同时增加了水槽强度，并争夺了可用的光同化物。此外，机械采伐的灌木丛中维持层的枯竭，如这些灌木丛顶部10 cm的光合有效辐射的部分截留减少和这些灌木丛的光合速率降低所表明的那样，表明这些灌木丛也是受源限制的，因为与手工采摘灌木丛相比。因此，由于机械收割而导致的茶灌木结构的变化导致了水槽/源动态的变化，导致未成熟芽的繁殖，这些芽竞争了有限的光同化作用。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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