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首页> 外文期刊>Scottish Forestry >The lost mountain woodland of Scotland and its restoration by Philip Ashmole
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The lost mountain woodland of Scotland and its restoration by Philip Ashmole

机译：苏格兰失落的山区林地，菲利普·阿什莫勒（Philip Ashmole）将其修复

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Scottish mountains are almost entirely denuded of their native vegetation cover of woodland and scrub. The losses at high altitudes are much more complete than at lower levels Only 43% of the surviving semi-natural woodland is above 400 m, and this mountain woodland, amounting to about 170 km~2, covers only 0,22% of the land area. Patterns of burning, cutting and browsing imposed by people have transformed Scottish mountain landscapes Natural treelines have been eliminated, but in the oceanic climateof Scotland exposure once played a primary role. Woodlands on mountainsides petered out only at scrubline, and were much more diverse than is generally recognised. Restoration of these habitats, with their full geographic diversity and species richness,requires understanding of the biology and past distribution of native trees Reliance on natural regeneration precludes restoration at many sites and limits the diversity of new woodland, while planting restricted to small clumps of trees and shrubs as seed sources is ineffective as a means of re-establishing mountain woodland on a reasonable timescale Bolder initiatives are therefore needed. The framework of grant-aid for woodland establishment is being transformed, but this need not inhibit ambitiousattempts at restoration There will still be opportunities for both grass-roots and government-sponsored mountain woodland initiatives with potential to enhance Scottish landscapes, increase biodiversity and enrich the lives of both residents and visitors.
机译：苏格兰山脉几乎完全被其原生林地和灌木丛所掩盖。高海拔地区的损失比低海拔地区的损失要完整得多，幸存的半天然林地中只有43％在400 m以上，而这片约170 km〜2的高山林地仅占土地的0.22％区。人们施加的燃烧，切割和浏览的方式改变了苏格兰的高山景观，自然的林木被消除了，但是在苏格兰的海洋气候中，暴露曾经是主要的作用。山坡上的林地仅在灌木丛上逐渐消失，并且比通常公认的多样化得多。这些生境的恢复具有完整的地理多样性和物种丰富性，需要了解本地树木的生物学和过去的分布情况。依靠自然更新阻止了许多地点的恢复，并限制了新林地的多样性，而种植仅限于小块的树木作为种子源的灌木和灌木不能有效地在合理的时间范围内重建山区林地，因此需要鲍尔德倡议。建立林地的补助金框架正在转变，但这并不一定要抑制恢复时的雄心勃勃的尝试。基层和政府资助的山区林地倡议仍将有机会改善苏格兰的景观，增加生物多样性并丰富森林资源。居民和游客的生活。

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