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Effect of water availability and seed source on physical dormancy break of Vicia villosa ssp villosa

机译：水分和种子源对蚕豆生理休眠的影响

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摘要

Physical dormancy (PY) plays a crucial role in the control of the reseeding process of Vicia villosa Roth, a winter annual species cultivated for pasture and hay, naturalized in several semi-arid temperate agroecosystems. As PY is considered a seed trait modulated by natural selection, populations from different origins are expected to show different responses to environmental regulatory factors. The present study aimed to determine the effect of: (1) water availability on PY-break dynamics of a naturalized population from Argentina (ASC) under both laboratory and field conditions; (2) the seed source on initial PY and dormancy release rate (wet storage at 20 degrees C) of ASC compared to 45 other populations of V. villosa, including wild, naturalized, landraces and cultivars. Water availability increased PY loss rate under both storage and field conditions. ASC PY-break dynamics was adequately described by a Gompertz model with a lower thermal-time requirement estimated for dormancy break under fluctuating soil water conditions compared to seeds buried inside impermeable bags. During the field burial experiment, a considerable proportion of seeds (similar to 70%) became water permeable during the summer season after dispersal, and retained low levels of residual PY for soil seed bank replenishment. Improved populations (i.e. breeding cultivars) showed the lowest percentages of initial PY compared to landraces, naturalized and wild populations. Naturalized populations of Argentina showed similar initial PY compared to landraces, although PY release rate was lower in the former and might be attributed to local environmental selection. Wild types showed the lowest PY release rates.
机译：物理休眠（PY）在控制野豌豆（Vicia villosa Roth）的播种过程中起着至关重要的作用。野豌豆是一种冬季常年种植的牧场和干草，在几种半干旱的温带农业生态系统中均已归化。由于PY被认为是通过自然选择调节的种子性状，因此预计来自不同来源的种群对环境调节因子的反应不同。本研究旨在确定以下方面的影响：（1）在实验室和田间条件下，水的可用性对来自阿根廷（ASC）归化种群的PY破坏动态的影响; （2）ASC的初始PY和休眠释放速率（在20摄氏度下湿存储）的种子来源，与之相比的其他45个V. villosa种群，包括野生，归化，地方品种和栽培品种。在存储和田间条件下，水的可用性增加了PY的损失率。 Gompertz模型充分描述了ASC PY破坏动力学，与埋在不透水袋中的种子相比，在波动的土壤水条件下估计的休眠破坏所需的热时间要短。在野外埋葬实验中，分散后的夏季，相当一部分种子（约占70％）变得透水，并保留了少量的残留PY用于补充土壤种子库。与本地人，归化和野生种群相比，改良种群（即育种品种）的初始PY百分比最低。阿根廷的归化种群的初始PY与地方品种相比相似，尽管前者的PY释放率较低，并且可能归因于当地的环境选择。野生型的PY释放率最低。

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