A group of 12 universities and research centers from around the world, called ISIS, has formed to explore the potential impact of iron fertilization of the oceans to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO) in the Earth's atmosphere. Iron fertilization in the oceans has been researched for its effectiveness in stimulating plankton growth to sequester carbon. Plankton use CO2 from the ocean surface in photosynthesis to produce organic carbon, a small fraction of which sinks. This process eventually can carry carbon to the depths of the ocean and keep it there for decades to centuries.
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