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Development of optical instrument as turbidimeter: A comparative study

机译：光学仪器如浊度的发展：比较研究

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative study between two low-cost turbidimeter designs using a multi purpose Optical Fiber NIR System (OF-NIRS), Optical Fiber NIR System-Modified (OF-NIRS-M) and High Sensitivity NIR System (HS-NIRS) conducted in the development of a turbidimeter by closely replicating the existing standard design guideline. Optical method is a typical measuring technique that has been applied intensively for the measurement of water turbidity. Design/methodology/approach - Comprehensive guidelines for the development of turbidimeter have been stated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 180.1) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 7027) and have been used as standards by instrument's manufacturers world wide, including the designs presented in this work. The development commonly does not only establish through physical instrumentation aspects, but also emphasizes on the physics of light-matter interaction such as scattering and absorption that is embedded within the science of turbidity. The individual system design is the assembly of light emitting diode (LED) and photo detector with near infrared (NIR) band, amplifier, 12-bit analogue to digital converter (ADC) and Basic Stamp 2pe microcontroller. Findings - The measurement by OF-NIRS produces coefficient of determination, R2=0.8881 with standard error of 20.33 NTU while HS-NIRS produces higher precision result with R2=0.995 with standard error of 1.809 NTU. A modified version of OF-NIRS (OF-NIRS-M) has been introduced and consists of direct emission of NIR radiation to the sample. OF-NIRS-M produces R2=0.9921 with standard error of 2.37 NTU, a high linearity result, comparable to HS-NIRS. Originality/value - This research introduced a fundamental design of a turbidimeter by following closely to the existing standards at much lower cost. This work presents a comparative study between two main designs that utilize different types of photo detector and amplification circuitry and enables related industry to develop their own in-house turbidity monitoring system with flexible sensitivity.
机译：目的-本文的目的是对使用多功能近红外光纤系统（OF-NIRS），改进型近红外光纤系统（OF-NIRS-M）和高灵敏度的两种低成本浊度仪设计进行比较研究NIR系统（HS-NIRS）是在浊度计的开发中通过严格复制现有标准设计指南而进行的。光学方法是一种典型的测量技术，已广泛应用于水浊度的测量中。设计/方法/方法-美国环境保护局（EPA方法180.1）和国际标准化组织（ISO 7027）已提出了浊度计开发的综合指南，并已被全世界仪器制造商用作标准，包括本作品中介绍的设计。这种发展通常不仅建立在物理仪器方面，而且还着重于光-质相互作用的物理学，例如散射和吸收等，它们是被浊度科学所嵌入的。单独的系统设计是组装发光二极管（LED）和具有近红外（NIR）波段的光电探测器，放大器，12位模数转换器（ADC）和Basic Stamp 2pe微控制器。发现-OF-NIRS的测量得出确定系数R2 = 0.8881，标准误差为20.33 NTU，而HS-NIRS产生的精度更高，R2 = 0.995，标准误差为1.809 NTU。引入了OF-NIRS的改进版本（OF-NIRS-M），包括直接向样品发射NIR辐射。 OF-NIRS-M产生R2 = 0.9921，标准误差为2.37 NTU，线性度高，与HS-NIRS相当。独创性/价值-这项研究通过严格遵循现有标准以较低的成本引入了浊度仪的基本设计。这项工作提出了两个主要设计之间的比较研究，这些主要设计利用不同类型的光电检测器和放大电路，并使相关行业能够开发自己的具有内部灵敏度的内部浊度监测系统。

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