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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in cell and developmental biology >The role of corneal crystallins in the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress
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The role of corneal crystallins in the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress

机译：角膜结晶蛋白在抗氧化应激的细胞防御机制中的作用

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The refracton hypothesis describes the lens and cornea together as a functional unit that provides the proper ocular transparent and refractive properties for the basis of normal vision. Similarities between the lens and corneal crystallins also suggest that both elements of the refracton may also contribute to the antioxidant defenses of the entire eye. The cornea is the primary physical barrier against environmental assault to the eye and functions as a dominant filter of UV radiation. It is routinely exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating UV light and molecular O2 making it a target vulnerable to UV-induced damage. The cornea is equipped with several defensive mechanisms to counteract the deleterious effects of UV-induced oxidative damage. These comprise both non-enzymatic elements that include proteins and low molecular weight compounds (ferritin, glutathione, NAD(P)H, ascorbate and α-tocopherol) as well as various enzymes (catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase). Several proteins accumulate in the cornea at unusually high concentrations and have been classified as corneal crystallins based on the analogy of these proteins with the abundant taxon-specific lens crystallins. In addition to performing a structural role related to ocular transparency, corneal crystallins may also contribute to the corneal antioxidant systems through a variety of mechanisms including the direct scavenging of free radicals, the production of NAD(P)H, the metabolism and/or detoxification of toxic compounds (i.e. reactive aldehydes), and the direct absorption of UV radiation. In this review, we extend the discussion of the antioxidant defenses of the cornea to include these highly expressed corneal crystallins and address their specific capacities to minimize oxidative damage.
机译：屈光素假说将晶状体和角膜描述为一个功能单元，可为正常视觉提供适当的眼部透明和屈光特性。晶状体和角膜晶状体蛋白之间的相似性也表明，折射素的两个元素也可能有助于整个眼睛的抗氧化防御。角膜是抵抗环境对眼睛的侵害的主要物理屏障，并起着紫外线辐射的主要过滤器的作用。它通常会暴露于产生活性氧（ROS）的紫外线和分子氧中，因此很容易受到紫外线造成的伤害。角膜配备了多种防御机制，以抵消紫外线引起的氧化损伤的有害影响。它们既包含非酶元素，也包括蛋白质和低分子量化合物（铁蛋白，谷胱甘肽，NAD（P）H，抗坏血酸和α-生育酚）以及各种酶（过氧化氢酶，6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶，谷胱甘肽还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶）。几种蛋白质以异常高的浓度积聚在角膜中，基于这些蛋白质与丰富的分类单元特异性晶状体结晶蛋白的相似性，已被分类为角膜结晶蛋白。除了发挥与眼透明有关的结构作用外，角膜晶状体蛋白还可能通过多种机制，包括直接清除自由基，产生NAD（P）H，代谢和/或排毒，促进角膜抗氧化剂系统的发展。有毒化合物（即反应性醛）的吸收，以及紫外线的直接吸收。在这篇综述中，我们扩展了对角膜抗氧化剂防御的讨论，以包括这些高度表达的角膜晶状蛋白，并探讨了其将氧化损伤降至最低的特定能力。

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