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首页> 外文期刊>Seismological research letters >The 28 December 1908 Messina Straits Earthquake (M(w)7.1): A Great Earthquake throughout a Century of Seismology
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The 28 December 1908 Messina Straits Earthquake (M(w)7.1): A Great Earthquake throughout a Century of Seismology

机译：1908年12月28日，墨西拿海峡地震（M（w）7.1）：一个世纪以来的地震

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Early in the morning on 28 December 1908, just a few days after Christmas, a severe earthquake struck the Messina Straits,a rather narrow sound that separates Calabria, in southern Italy, from Sicily (Figure 1). The shaking was distinctly felt in Albania, Montenegro, and the Greek Ionian islands, about 400 km to the east and northeast of the Straits; in Malta, about 250 km to the south; and as far as Ustica Island, about 220 km to the west. The earthquake was catastrophic in the epicentral area and was immediately followed by fires and a large tsunami. Messina (Sicily) and Reggio Calabria (Calabria), two significant cities located less than 10 km apart on the two facing shores of the straits, were almost completely destroyed, and buildings were severely damaged over an area in excess of 6,000 km2.Of the population at the time, estimated to number 140,000 at Messina and 45,000 at Reggio Calabria, a significant fraction was reported dead. Assessing the total number of victims has been problematic, as fatality estimates range from 60,000 to more than 100,000, yet 1908 was undeniably the deadliest European earthquake ever and one of the deadliest worldwide.Guidoboni et al. (2007) contend that 80,000 people were killed by the earthquake, including as many as 2,000 who died as a result of the tsunami. Waves up to 12 m struck the shorelines south of Messina and south of Reggio Calabria, displacing the rubble from collapsed buildings and completing the destruction.All communications in the affected area were disrupted,and rescue operations had to rely on access from the sea. Units of the Russian and English navies, already in the area, were the first to offer immediate relief. In particular, medical officers of the Baltic Guard-Marine brought the first medical aid to the earthquake victims, and Russian researchers were the first to offer psychiatric assistance.
机译：1908年12月28日凌晨，圣诞节刚过几天，一场严重的地震袭击了墨西拿海峡，这是一种相当狭窄的声音，将意大利南部的卡拉布里亚与西西里岛分开了（图1）。在海峡东部和东北约400公里处的阿尔巴尼亚，黑山和希腊爱奥尼亚群岛上，人们明显感受到了这种震动。在马耳他以南约250公里处;一直到西约220公里的乌斯蒂卡岛。地震在震中地区是灾难性的，随后是大火和海啸。墨西拿（西西里岛）和雷焦卡拉布里亚（卡拉布里亚）这两个重要城市位于海峡两岸相距不到10公里的地方，几乎被完全摧毁，在超过6000平方公里的面积上房屋遭到严重破坏。据当时的人口估计，墨西拿的人口为14万，雷焦卡拉布里亚的人口为45,000，据报死亡的人口比例很大。评估受害者总数一直是个难题，因为死亡人数估计在60,000至100,000以上，但不可否认，1908年是欧洲有史以来最致命的地震，也是世界上最致命的地震之一。 （2007年）认为，地震造成80,000人死亡，其中包括2,000人死于海啸。长达12 m的海浪袭击了墨西拿以南和雷焦卡拉布里亚以南的海岸线，从倒塌的建筑物中移走了瓦砾并完成了破坏工作。受灾地区的所有通信都受到干扰，救援行动不得不依靠海上通道。已经在该地区的俄罗斯和英国海军部队是第一个立即提供救济的部队。特别是，波罗的海护卫队的医务人员为地震灾民提供了第一批医疗援助，俄罗斯研究人员是第一批提供精神病援助的人。

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